Background: Small white Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is popular in the international market, they are widely cultivated in the high and cold areas of China. However, these areas have relatively short growth period, resulting in the low yield and quality of kidney beans, which limits the development of kidney bean. Keyun1 has since played an important role in improving kidney bean production in the country since 2020 because of its high yields, good upright, and wide adaptability. Methods: Keyun1 is a small grain white kidney bean cultivar that was developed systematic selection of excellent mutants in China in 2020. Result: The average yield of Keyun1 was 2346.26 kg per hectare, 34.42% higher than that of the control cultivar (The British Red) in the national joint identification test of new kidney bean cultivars of China from 2016 to 2017. In 2018, Keyun1 was included in the national joint identification and production test of new kidney bean cultivars of China, the average yield per hectare was 2076.58 kg, which is 67.99% higher than that of the control cultivar(The British Red). and exploration of nitrogen application and planting density showed the best nitrogen application is 45 kg of active ingredient nitrogen per hectare and the best planting density is 15×104 - 20×104 plants/ha, the greatest yield was 3198.17 kg/ha.

Objectives: Peduncle length (PL) is a critical agronomic trait in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], influencing mechanical harvesting efficiency. Exploration of the PL genetic mechanism and the PL major genes of sorghum can provide a reference for breeding of sorghum suitable for mechanization and PL genetic research of other graminaceous crops. Methods: Here, we conducted genetic analysis, transcriptome analysis, and candidate major gene screening of PL using long-peduncle (KY133B) and short-peduncle (KY123B) parents, as well as their constructed F2 segregated populations. Results: Genetic analysis revealed that PL trait may be controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant effects, showing a heritability of 69.638%. At the early stage of sorghum peduncle elongation, the young panicle of the parents was sampled and performed transcriptome analysis. DEGs 3603 genes were obtained. With the short peduncle parent (F) as the control, 2204 upregulated genes and 1399 downregulated genes were expressed in the long peduncle parent (M). We compared the 1161 genes obtained by BSA-seq from the laboratory in the early stage with the DEGs obtained by RNA-seq, and obtained 148 co-localized genes. Through the high DEGs screening criteria (|Log₂FC(M/F)| ≥ 5, p < 0.0001), we further identified 36 genes with highly significant expression differences between parents. Functional annotation identified four candidate major genes strongly associated with PL: LOC8056900 (MIZU-KUSSEI 1), LOC8065075 (ethylene-responsive transcription factor WIN1), LOC8083493 (GDSL esterase/lipase), and LOC8085367 (auxin-responsive protein IAA21). qPCR validated their expression trends, corroborating RNA-seq results. Conclusions: The comprehensive information presented here provides a reference for understanding the PL mechanism of sorghum and provides some important candidate major genes related to PL. This study laid the foundation for subsequent gene functional verification and mechanism analysis of sorghum peduncle length major genes.