The spherization of nanoenergetic materials is the best way to improve the sensitivity and increase loading densities and detonation properties for weapons and ammunition, but the preparation of spherical nanoenergetic materials with high regularization, uniform size and monodispersity is still a challenge. In this paper, nanoenergetic hollow spherical hexanitrostibene (HNS) derivatives were fabricated via a one-pot copolymerization strategy, which is based on the reaction of HNS and piperazine in acetonitrile solution. Characterization results indicated the as-prepared reaction nanoenergetic products were HNS-derived oligomers, where a free radical copolymerization reaction process was inferred. The hollow sphere structure of the HNS derivatives was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging technology. The properties of the nanoenergetic hollow spherical derivatives, including thermal decomposition and sensitivity are discussed in detail. Sensitivity studies showed that the nanoenergetic derivatives exhibited lower impact, friction and spark sensitivity than raw HNS. Thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC) results showed that continuous exothermic decomposition occurred in the whole temperature range, which indicated that nanoenergetic derivatives have a unique role in thermal applications. Therefore, nanoenergetic hollow spherical HNS derivatives could provide a new way to modify the properties of certain energetic compounds and fabricate spherical nanomaterials to improve the charge configuration.

In this work, it is shown that MoO_3-x has a positive effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate based molecular perovskite (H₂DABCO)[NH₄(ClO₄)₃] (DAP-4). MoO_3-x was prepared by heat treatment, and the morphology, structure, and thermal decomposition performance were characterized. The morphology and structure characterization results showed that MoO_3-x was an irregular layered structure material and the Mo element was mainly in the +6 chemical valence state, with a small amount of Mo⁵⁺. Thermal analysis results showed that the thermal decomposition peak temperature of DAP-4 was effectively reduced from 394.4 °C to 353.7 °C, 321.4 °C, and 312.5 °C in the presence of 1%, 5%, and 10% MoO_3-x, respectively. It is particularly worth noting that the maximum heat release rate of the DAP-4/10% MoO_3-x mixture was increased by 4.9 times compared with pure DAP-4. Through the two classic thermal decomposition kinetic methods, Kissinger and Starink, the reliable kinetic parameters of DAP-4/MoO_3-x were obtained. The increase of the reaction rate constant k indicated that the maximum thermal decomposition reaction rate of DAP-4 was effectively improved. This work provided a feasible technology for using MoO_3-x as an effective catalyst to improve the thermal performance of DAP-4.