Immunotherapy, which modulates the patient's immune system to treat diseases, has revolutionized cancer therapy and is now being explored for autoimmune diseases. However, cellular heterogeneity in the immune system, tumor microenvironment, and inflamed tissues poses a major challenge to the efficacy of immunotherapies. This complexity underscores the need for a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms at single‐cell resolution. In recent years, microfluidic technologies have played a key role in enabling single‐cell analysis at transcriptomic and proteomic levels, leading to the discovery of new biomarkers for immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the state‐of‐the‐art microfluidic platforms used for single‐cell omics, focusing on their conceptual principles and practical designs. We also briefly summarize the applications of microfluidic devices in the preclinical process of immunotherapeutic target discovery.

Drug carriers hold significant promise for precision medicine but face persistent challenges in balancing high encapsulation efficiency with structural preservation during active loading. In this study, we present a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-driven platform that can generate gigahertz (GHz)-frequency acoustic streaming (1.55 GHz) to enable nondestructive, power-tunable drug encapsulation in lipid vesicles. Utilizing DSPE-PEG-modified bilayers with hydrodynamic shear forces, our method achieves transient membrane permeability that preserves membrane integrity while permitting controlled doxorubicin (DOX) influx. We developed the GHz acoustic MEMS platform and applied it to systematically investigate two drug loading strategies: (1) loading DOX into giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs, >10 μm in diameter) prior to extrusion into small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs, 100 nm) versus (2) direct acoustic loading into pre-formed SUVs. The GUV-first approach demonstrated better performance, achieving 60.04% ± 1.55% encapsulation efficiency (EE%) at 250 mW acoustic power—a 5.93% enhancement over direct SUV loading (54.11% ± 0.72%). Structural analysis via TEM confirmed intact SUV morphology post-loading, while power-dependent EE% analysis showed a linear trend. This work bridges gaps in nanocarrier engineering by optimizing drug loading strategies, aiming to offer a potential drug carrier platform for drug delivery in biomedical treatment in future.