Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the major health problems of newborn period. To date, a large amount of chemicals have been tested for NEC and some showed limited beneficial effects. The research for better results still continues. This study aims to investigate the effects of quercetin (QE) on NEC treatment in rats. Methods Newborn rats were divided into control, NEC, and NEC + QE groups. In NEC and NEC + QE groups, experimental NEC was induced. NEC + QE group animals were also given QE. Weight changes of the animals were recorded, and serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Histologic evaluation of the distal ileum and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining were performed. Results A significant increase in the TAS levels was observed in NEC + QE group. Only NEC group exhibited significantly higher TOS and MDA levels and lower GSH levels. Rats in the NEC + QE group had better histopathology and less apoptosis than NEC group. Conclusion QE is effective in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanism, limiting oxidative stress, reducing intestinal damage, and preventing NEC development.

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis again becomes a major health problem due to inappropriate antibiotic use and increasing frequency of protracted bacterial bronchitis. The aim was to determine the changes in etiology of bronchiectasis. Patients who admitted to Behçet Uz Children Hospital between 2005 and 2015 (n=110) were retrospectively examined. The etiology of bronchiectasis was detected as; primary ciliary dyskinesia 26.4%, protracted bacterial bronchitis 22.8%, primary immune deficiency 11.8%, bronchiolitis obliterans 8.2%, lung disease secondary to gastro-esophageal reflux 3.7%, foreign body aspiration 2.7%, tuberculosis %2.7, congenital malformation 1.8% and asthma 1.8%, respectively. In 15.4% of cases, etiology was not identified clearly. 91% of the patients were medically treated. In ten years, the frequency of asthma and tuberculosis in etiology had decreased but primary ciliary dyskinesia and primary immune deficiency had increased. Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis can be followed up for a long time with medical treatment.

Background and aim: We aimed to investigate the role of the Duke treadmill score (DTS) in predicting the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) by using the SYNTAX score (SS), and also to determine the cut-off value of DTS for both the presence and severity of CAD. Methods: The study population consisted of 267 patients admitted to the outpatient clinic with chest pain, who under­went coronary angiography after a positive treadmill stress test. First the patients were divided into two groups: SS = 0 and SS > 0. Then the SS > 0 patients were classified into two subgroups with low (1–22) and high (> 22) SS. Results: There was a strong negative correlation between DTS and SS (r = –072, p < 0.001). The area under the receiv­er-operating curve of DTS was 0.83 (0.77–0.88, p < 0.001) for predicting a significant presence of CAD. The optimal cut-off value of DTS to predict the significant presence of CAD was –3.7 (sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 73%). The area under the receiver-operating curve of DTS was 0.84 (0.78–0.90, p < 0.001) for predicting high SS. The optimal cut-off value of DTS to predict high SS was –11.2 (sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 80%). DTS was found to be an independent predictor of high SS in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: DTS can predict the presence and severity of stable CAD before coronary angiography and may enable the estimation of the revascularisation method that will be required after the procedure. Background and aim: We aimed to investigate the role of the Duke treadmill score (DTS) in predicting the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) by using the SYNTAX score (SS), and also to determine the cut-off value of DTS for both the presence and severity of CAD. Methods: The study population consisted of 267 patients admitted to the outpatient clinic with chest pain, who under­went coronary angiography after a positive treadmill stress test. First the patients were divided into two groups: SS = 0 and SS > 0. Then the SS > 0 patients were classified into two subgroups with low (1–22) and high (> 22) SS. Results: There was a strong negative correlation between DTS and SS (r = –072, p < 0.001). The area under the receiv­er-operating curve of DTS was 0.83 (0.77–0.88, p < 0.001) for predicting a significant presence of CAD. The optimal cut-off value of DTS to predict the significant presence of CAD was –3.7 (sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 73%). The area under the receiver-operating curve of DTS was 0.84 (0.78–0.90, p < 0.001) for predicting high SS. The optimal cut-off value of DTS to predict high SS was –11.2 (sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 80%). DTS was found to be an independent predictor of high SS in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: DTS can predict the presence and severity of stable CAD before coronary angiography and may enable the estimation of the revascularisation method that will be required after the procedure.

Yazıcı S, Güneş S, Kurtuluş-Çokboz M, Kemer Ö, Baranlı G, Aşık-Akman S, Can D. Allergen variability and house dust mite sensitivity in pre-school children with allergic complaints. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 41-49. The increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases in pre-school children who are often at home may be due to an increase in house dust mite sensitivity, which is rarely expected in this age group. In our study, it was aimed to investigate allergen sensitivities, especially house dust mite sensitivity in pre-school children with allergic disease complaints by skin prick test (SPT). Two hundred and twenty children admitted to the Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Clinic of Balıkesir University between October 2015 and October 2016 diagnosed with asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis or urticaria were involved in the retrospective cross-sectional study. Allergen groups used in SPT were Dermatophagoides farina (Derf), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), Alternaria alternata, cat epithelium, pollen mixture and food mixture. Average age of the 220 patients was 2.98 years (2.75-3.21). SPT was positive in 55.9% of patients. Sixteen percent were monosensitized and 73.8% were polysensitized. Seventy two children (32.7%) were sensitive to Der f and 67 (30.4%) were sensitive to Der p. There was no difference between SPT positivity and gender (p > 0.05). Ninty-five children were diagnosed with asthma, 38 with asthma and allergic rhinitis, 63 with food allergy and 24 with urticaria and/or atopic dermatitis. SPT positivity was significantly higher in the asthma and allergic rhinitis group than other groups. As the age increased, significant increases in the sensitivities of Der f (p < 0.01), Der p (P < 0.01) and A. alternata (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease for food panel sensitivity (p < 0.01) were detected. Even though skin and food allergies were included in our study, house dust mite sensitivity was found much higher than other studies reporting ranges between 3.5-23% in children of the same age group with mainly respiratory complaints. It is concluded that the probable reasons for this increase, especially geographical features, should be investigated in different areas and in larger number of studies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of childhood electrical injuries and to determine the factors affecting clinical outcome. Materials and Methods:The data of 112 patients who applied to the emergency department between January 2008 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups as under 6 years of age, 6 to 10 years old and 10 years of age and over, and the relationship between the groups in terms of electricity supply and voltage, the occurrence of injury, clinical complaints and laboratory values were examined. Results: 78 (69.6%) of the patients were male and 34 (30.4%) were female. The median age was 5 years (11 months-15 years). 101 of the patients (90.2%) had injured with low-voltage current and 88 (78.6%) were injured in the house environment. According to the electrical source, the most frequent causes of injury were plug sockets under the age of six years (67.9%), electrical cable between the ages of six to ten years (39.4%), electrical devices over ten years of age (41.6%). Two patients had sinus bradycardia and four patients had soft tissue trauma due to fall.None of the patients had deep tissue damage, severe burn and renal failure. Troponin I, liver and kidney function tests, serum electrolytes, leukocyte levels were normal in all patients.Conclusion: The majority of electrical injuries in children were due to low voltage current and preventable household contact. Further investigations may not be required in low-voltage electrical injuries with ...