Smoking continues to pose a global threat to morbidity and mortality in populations. The detrimental impact of smoking on health and disease includes bone destruction and immune disruption in various diseases. Osteoimmunology, which explores the communication between bone metabolism and immune homeostasis, aims to reveal the interaction between the osteoimmune systems in disease development. Smoking impairs the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts in bone formation while promoting osteoclast differentiation in bone resorption. Furthermore, smoking stimulates the Th17 response to increase inflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokines that promote the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling in osteoclasts, thus exacerbating bone destruction in periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The pro-inflammatory role of smoking is also evident in delayed bone fracture healing and osteoarthritis development. The osteoimmunological therapies are promising in treating periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis, but further research is still required to block the smoking-induced aggravation in these diseases. This review summarizes the adverse effect of smoking on mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts and elucidates the smoking-induced exacerbation of periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone fracture healing, and osteoarthritis from an osteoimmune perspective. We also propose the therapeutic potential of osteoimmunological therapies for bone destruction aggravated by smoking.

Gene therapy is capable of efficiently regulating the expression of abnormal genes in diseased tissues and expected to be a therapeutic option for refractory diseases. However, unidirectional targeting gene therapy is always desired at the tissue interface. In this study, inspired by the principle that like charges repulse each other, a positively charged micro-nano electrospun fibrous membrane with dual-layer structure was developed by electrospinning technology to achieve unidirectional delivery of siRNA-loaded cationic nanocarriers, thus realizing unidirectional gene therapy at the tendon-paratenon interface. Under the charge repulsion of positively charged layer, more cationic COX-2 siRNA nanocarriers were enriched in peritendinous tissue, which not only improved the bioavailability of the gene drug to prevent the peritendinous adhesion formation, but also avoided adverse effects on the fragile endogenous healing of tendon itself. In summary, this study provides an innovative strategy for unidirectional targeting gene therapy of tissue interface diseases by utilizing charge repulsion to facilitate unidirectional delivery of gene drugs.

Цель. Оценить в ходе проспективного исследования эффективность и безопасность остеосинтеза интрамедуллярным блокируемым фиксатором с антибактериальным покрытием при инфицированных переломах и несращениях длинных трубчатых костей нижних конечностей. Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 8 пациентов с инфицированными переломами и несращениями бедренной и большеберцовой костей. В качестве имплантатов использовали солидные титановые стержни с отверстиями для блокирования. Покрытие требуемой толщины наносили вакуумно-плазменным методом из активной газовой фазы. Методика хирургического вмешательства включала два основных компонента: санацию очага инфекции и установку стержня в костномозговой канал. После операции все пациенты получали антибактериальную терапию с учетом результатов микробиологического исследования. Контрольные визиты для оценки активности инфекционного процесса и степени консолидации костных отломков назначались через 6, 12, 24 недели. Результаты. На момент написания данной статьи средняя продолжительность наблюдения за пациентами после операции составляла 4,4± 1,0 месяца (M±σ). Ни у одного из пациентов после операции и завершения курса антибактериальной терапии не наблюдалось каких-либо признаков рецидива инфекции, что свидетельствует об эффективности и безопасности применения данной методики. Не позднее 2,5 месяца после операции все 8 (100%) пациентов приступили к полной нагрузке на оперированную конечность. Рентгенография подтвердила наличие костного сращения у 5 пациентов, еще у 3 пациентов на рентгенограммах стояние конструкции и положение удовлетворительные, наблюдаются начальные признаки консолидации перелома. Заключение. Интрамедуллярный остеосинтез стержнем с блокированием и трехкомпонентным антибактериальным покрытием позволил добиться эрадикации инфекции и сращения костных отломков у большинства пациентов. Данная методика эффективна и ее применение не сопряжено с трудностями, характерными для интраоперационного изготовления антибактериальных покрытий. Научная новизна статьи Впервые изучена эффективность и безопасность интрамедуллярного остеосинтеза с новым трехкомпонентным антибактериальным покрытием при инфицированных переломах и несращениях длинных трубчатых костей нижних конечностей. Установлено, что данная методика позволяет добиться эрадикации инфекции и сращения костных отломков у большинства пациентов и при этом не сопряжена с трудностями, характерными для интраоперационного изготовления антибактериальных покрытий.

Background: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair faces high retear risks in multi-tendon injuries due to insufficient biological healing; leukocyte-rich PRP may enhance tendon–bone integration through inflammatory modulation and growth factor release. Methods: Four databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched until March 2025. Literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction were performed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. GRADE was used to grade the strength of the evidence and the results. Results: The main finding of this study was that leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma combined with arthroscopic surgery for rotator cuff injuries can improve the Constant Score (MD = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.19, 2.07, p = 0.02, I² = 47%), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (MD = 6.02, 95% CI: 4.67, 7.36, p < 0.01, I² = 0%), and University of California, Los Angeles score (MD = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.34, 2.06, p < 0.01, I² = 0%) of patients with rotator cuff tear after treatment, and reduce the postoperative Visual Analog Scale score (MD = −0.62, 95% CI: −1.16, −0.08, p = 0.02, I² = 83%) of patients. However, there were no statistical differences regarding the Simple Shoulder Test (MD = 0.08, 95% CI: −0.23, 0.39, p = 0.61, I² = 5%). Conclusions: Based on current evidence, the use of LR-PRP in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair could lessen postoperative pain and improve postoperative functional scores in individuals with rotator cuff injuries.

Objectives. To summarize our clinical experience of the use of suprapatellar nailing in tibia fractures. Material and methods. In this retrospective cohort study we analyzed the results of suprapatellar tibia nailing that was used for the treatment of 98 cases in 96 patients in the period from 06.2019 to 06.2025. Mean age of patients comprised 48.6±15.5 years (18 to 88), there were 40 females and 56 males. In 16 cases open fractures were encountered. Most of the fractures were periarticular according to the localization: proximal tibia was involved in 38 cases, distal – in 54; 11 fractures were segmental and only 4 cases were shaft fractures of the middle-lower third of the tibia. Results. Follow-up results in terms more than 6 months were studied in 87 cases (89%). Non-complicated healing was noted in 68 cases (77.3%). Full weight-bearing was achieved by the 5th month after the surgery (Ме, IQR 4.0-6.0, from 2 to 12 months). Functional results comprised 94 points (Ме, IQR 90.0-96.0, from 50 to 100 points) from 100 possible according to RNPCTO scale and 70.0 points (IQR 57,0-76,0, from 8 to 80) from 80 possible according to LEFS. There were 4 cases of deep infection (4.9%). Non-unions were registered in 4 cases (4.9%, one of them infected), in 5 (5.1%) cases delayed union was noted. Conclusions. The use of suprapatellar technique for the nailing of tibia simplifies the course of the surgery in periarticular and segmental tibia fractures. Technical peculiarities of the technique, namely insertion of the instruments and the fixator through patello-femoral articulation require further investigations of this approach safety.