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J.P. Zuliani
Lab. Imunologia Cellular Aplicada à Saúde, FIOCRUZ-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil

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Short communication
Published: 21 May 2021 in Toxicon
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Photobiomodulation using light-emitting diode (LED) treatment has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects which can be an effective therapeutic associated with serum therapy for local treatment of snakebites. Here we explored the effects of LED treatment on isolated macrophage under Bothrops jararacussu venom. Results showed that LED induced IL-6 and TNF-α genes down-regulation and, TGF and ARG1 genes up-regulation which indicates a polarization of macrophages to an M2 phenotype contributing to both tissue repair and resolution of inflammation.

ACS Style

Valdison P. Reis; Mauro V. Paloschi; Cristina M.A. Rego; Maria Naiara M. Tavares; Charles N. Boeno; Jéssica A. Lopes; Alex A. Ferreira e Ferreira; Andreimar M. Soares; Stella R. Zamuner; Juliana P. Zuliani. Photobiomodulation induces murine macrophages polarization toward M2 phenotype. Toxicon 2021, 198, 171 -175.

AMA Style

Valdison P. Reis, Mauro V. Paloschi, Cristina M.A. Rego, Maria Naiara M. Tavares, Charles N. Boeno, Jéssica A. Lopes, Alex A. Ferreira e Ferreira, Andreimar M. Soares, Stella R. Zamuner, Juliana P. Zuliani. Photobiomodulation induces murine macrophages polarization toward M2 phenotype. Toxicon. 2021; 198 ():171-175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valdison P. Reis; Mauro V. Paloschi; Cristina M.A. Rego; Maria Naiara M. Tavares; Charles N. Boeno; Jéssica A. Lopes; Alex A. Ferreira e Ferreira; Andreimar M. Soares; Stella R. Zamuner; Juliana P. Zuliani. 2021. "Photobiomodulation induces murine macrophages polarization toward M2 phenotype." Toxicon 198, no. : 171-175.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2020 in Chemico-Biological Interactions
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Several reports have suggested that photobiomodulation, owing to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing effects, may be an effective therapeutic option for local effects of snakebites when the availability and accessibility of conventional serum therapy are inefficient and far from medical care centers. Although there have been studies that demonstrate the application of photobiomodulation in the treatment of local adverse events due to snakebites from snakes of the genus Bothrops, its role in the activation of leukocytes, particularly macrophages, has not been evaluated. Here, we assessed the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) treatment on macrophage activation induced by B. jararacussu venom (BjV). LED treatment caused an increase in the viability of macrophages incubated with BjV. This treatment reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages after incubation with BjV. However, LED treatment did not interfere with IL-1β and IL-10 production by macrophages after incubation with BjV. In conclusion, this study showed that LED treatment has the potential to be used in combination with conventional serum therapy to prevent or minimize the progression of local to severe symptoms after Bothrops envenomation.

ACS Style

Valdison P. Reis; Cristina M.A. Rego; Sulamita S. Setúbal; Maria Naiara M. Tavares; Charles N. Boeno; Alex A. Ferreira e Ferreira; Mauro V. Paloschi; Andreimar M. Soares; Stella R. Zamuner; Juliana P. Zuliani. Effect of light emitting diode photobiomodulation on murine macrophage function after Bothrops envenomation. Chemico-Biological Interactions 2020, 333, 109347 .

AMA Style

Valdison P. Reis, Cristina M.A. Rego, Sulamita S. Setúbal, Maria Naiara M. Tavares, Charles N. Boeno, Alex A. Ferreira e Ferreira, Mauro V. Paloschi, Andreimar M. Soares, Stella R. Zamuner, Juliana P. Zuliani. Effect of light emitting diode photobiomodulation on murine macrophage function after Bothrops envenomation. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2020; 333 ():109347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valdison P. Reis; Cristina M.A. Rego; Sulamita S. Setúbal; Maria Naiara M. Tavares; Charles N. Boeno; Alex A. Ferreira e Ferreira; Mauro V. Paloschi; Andreimar M. Soares; Stella R. Zamuner; Juliana P. Zuliani. 2020. "Effect of light emitting diode photobiomodulation on murine macrophage function after Bothrops envenomation." Chemico-Biological Interactions 333, no. : 109347.

Review article
Published: 18 September 2020 in Toxicon
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Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the blood and constitute key components of the innate immunity. Upon infection or tissue damage, neutrophils are recruited to tissues, where they exert a variety of effects, such as microbicidal activity, phagocytosis, degranulation, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of inflammatory mediators, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In addition to microbial killing and removal of damaged tissue components, neutrophils play a role in the resolution of inflammation and, in some circumstances, they stimulate chronic inflammation and may contribute to tissue damage. The participation of neutrophils in snakebite envenoming has been explored in the clinical and experimental settings. Clinically, envenomings are associated with increases in the numbers of circulating neutrophils, with a left shift. Experimentally, neutrophils are the first inflammatory cells to reach tissue injected with venoms or tissue-damaging toxins. Venoms and toxins induce several effects on neutrophils in vitro, including chemotaxis, activation, degranulation, synthesis of inflammatory mediators, generation of ROS, and formation of NETs. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of venom-induced tissue damage has been explored, with variable results depending on the venom. In some cases, neutrophils play a key role in muscle regeneration following venom-induced myonecrosis. The processes involved in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils after injection of snake venoms and toxins, and the possible role of these leukocytes in envenomings, are discussed in this review.

ACS Style

Juliana P. Zuliani; Andreimar Martins Soares; José María Gutiérrez. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes in snakebite envenoming. Toxicon 2020, 187, 188 -197.

AMA Style

Juliana P. Zuliani, Andreimar Martins Soares, José María Gutiérrez. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes in snakebite envenoming. Toxicon. 2020; 187 ():188-197.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juliana P. Zuliani; Andreimar Martins Soares; José María Gutiérrez. 2020. "Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes in snakebite envenoming." Toxicon 187, no. : 188-197.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2020 in Toxicon
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Snakebite is a universally neglected public health problem. It victimizes approximately 2.5 million people annually and kills around 125 thousand. In Brazil, the Bothrops genus is responsible for 87% of the envenoming. The species Bothrops erythromelas is endemic in the northeast region. Its venom induces local haemorrhage, coagulopathy, oedema, and necrosis and can lead to permanent disability or death. The in vitro effects of Bothrops erythromelas venom (BeV) on thioglycollate-elicited macrophages were investigated in this study. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, BeV did not interfere with the adhesion and detachment of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. However, BeV induced lipid body formation and the activation of respiratory burst and TNF-α, but not IL-1β and IL-6. The study aimed to extend the knowledge on the mechanism of action of BeV and its contribution toward a better characterisation of macrophage functionality under the action of Bothrops venom.

ACS Style

N.M. Nery; S.S. Setúbal; C.N. Boeno; J.A. Lopes; M.V. Paloschi; A.S. Pontes; K.P. Luna; J.P. Zuliani. Bothrops erythromelas venom and its action on isolated murine macrophages. Toxicon 2020, 185, 156 -163.

AMA Style

N.M. Nery, S.S. Setúbal, C.N. Boeno, J.A. Lopes, M.V. Paloschi, A.S. Pontes, K.P. Luna, J.P. Zuliani. Bothrops erythromelas venom and its action on isolated murine macrophages. Toxicon. 2020; 185 ():156-163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N.M. Nery; S.S. Setúbal; C.N. Boeno; J.A. Lopes; M.V. Paloschi; A.S. Pontes; K.P. Luna; J.P. Zuliani. 2020. "Bothrops erythromelas venom and its action on isolated murine macrophages." Toxicon 185, no. : 156-163.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Cr-LAAO, an l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodosthoma snake venom, has been demonstrated as a potent stimulus for neutrophil activation and inflammatory mediator production. However, the mechanisms involved in Cr-LAAO induced neutrophil activation has not been well characterized. Here we investigated the mechanisms involved in Cr-LAAO-induced lipid body (also known as lipid droplet) biogenesis and eicosanoid formation in human neutrophils. Using microarray analysis, we show for the first time that Cr-LAAO plays a role in the up-regulation of the expression of genes involved in lipid signalling and metabolism. Those include different members of phospholipase A2, mostly cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2-α); and enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis including cyclooxygenases 2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES). In addition, genes involved in lipid droplet formation, including perilipin 2 and 3 (PLIN 2 and 3) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), were also upregulated. Furthermore, increased phosphorylation of cPLA2-α, lipid droplet biogenesis and PGE2 synthesis were observed in human neutrophils stimulated with Cr-LAAO. Treatment with cPLA2-α inhibitor (CAY10650) or DGAT-1 inhibitor (A922500) suppressed lipid droplets formation and PGE2 secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time the effects of Cr-LAAO to regulate neutrophil lipid metabolism and signalling.

ACS Style

Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; Charles Nunes Boeno; Milena Daniela Souza Silva; Jaína Rodrigues Evangelista; Adriana Silva Pontes; Sulamita Da Silva Setúbal; Cristina Matiele Alves Rego; Neriane Monteiro Néry; Alex Augusto Ferreira E Ferreira; Weverson Luciano Pires; Kátia Paula Felipin; Gabriel Ferreira; Patrícia Torres Bozza; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Cytosolic phospholipase A2-α participates in lipid body formation and PGE2 release in human neutrophils stimulated with an l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Mauro Valentino Paloschi, Jéssica Amaral Lopes, Charles Nunes Boeno, Milena Daniela Souza Silva, Jaína Rodrigues Evangelista, Adriana Silva Pontes, Sulamita Da Silva Setúbal, Cristina Matiele Alves Rego, Neriane Monteiro Néry, Alex Augusto Ferreira E Ferreira, Weverson Luciano Pires, Kátia Paula Felipin, Gabriel Ferreira, Patrícia Torres Bozza, Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Cytosolic phospholipase A2-α participates in lipid body formation and PGE2 release in human neutrophils stimulated with an l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; Charles Nunes Boeno; Milena Daniela Souza Silva; Jaína Rodrigues Evangelista; Adriana Silva Pontes; Sulamita Da Silva Setúbal; Cristina Matiele Alves Rego; Neriane Monteiro Néry; Alex Augusto Ferreira E Ferreira; Weverson Luciano Pires; Kátia Paula Felipin; Gabriel Ferreira; Patrícia Torres Bozza; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. 2020. "Cytosolic phospholipase A2-α participates in lipid body formation and PGE2 release in human neutrophils stimulated with an l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-15.

Major article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
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Snakebites represent a serious global public health problem, especially in tropical countries. In Brazil, the incidence of snakebites ranges from 19 to 22 thousand cases per 100000 persons annually. The state of Rondônia, in particular, has had an increasing incidence of snakebites. A retrospective cross-sectional study on snakebites was conducted from January 2007 to December 2018. Brazil's Information System for Notifiable Diseases was queried for all snakebites reported in Porto Velho, Ariquemes, Cacoal, and Vilhena. Data on land surface temperatures during the day and night, precipitation, and humidity were obtained using the Google Earth Engine. A Bayesian time series model was constructed to describe the pattern of snakebites and their relationship with climate data. In total, 6326 snakebites were reported in Rondônia. Accidents were commonly caused by Bothrops sp. (n=2171, 81.80%). Snakebites most frequently occurred in rural areas (n=2271, 85.5%). Men, with a median age of 34 years (n=2101, 79.1%), were the most frequent bitten. Moderate clinical manifestation was the most common outcome of an accident (n=1101, 41.50%). There were clear seasonal patterns with respect to rainfall, humidity, and temperature. Rainfall and land surface temperature during the day or night did not increase the risk of snakebites in any city; however, changes in humidity increased the risk of snakebites in all cities. This study identified the population exposed to snakes and the influence of anthropic and climatic factors on the incidence of snakebites. According to climate data, changes in humidity increased the risk of snakebites.

ACS Style

Alex Augusto Ferreira E Ferreira; Valdison Pereira Dos Reis; Charles Nunes Boeno; Jaina Rodrigues Evangelista; Hallison Mota Santana; Suzanne Nery Serrath; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; Cristina Matiele Alves Rego; Maria Naiara Macedo Tavares; Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Neriane Monteiro Nery; Alessandra Da Silva Dantas; Moreno Magalhães S. Rodrigues; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Increase in the risk of snakebites incidence due to changes in humidity levels: A time series study in four municipalities of the state of Rondônia. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2020, 53, e20190377 .

AMA Style

Alex Augusto Ferreira E Ferreira, Valdison Pereira Dos Reis, Charles Nunes Boeno, Jaina Rodrigues Evangelista, Hallison Mota Santana, Suzanne Nery Serrath, Jéssica Amaral Lopes, Cristina Matiele Alves Rego, Maria Naiara Macedo Tavares, Mauro Valentino Paloschi, Neriane Monteiro Nery, Alessandra Da Silva Dantas, Moreno Magalhães S. Rodrigues, Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Increase in the risk of snakebites incidence due to changes in humidity levels: A time series study in four municipalities of the state of Rondônia. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2020; 53 ():e20190377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alex Augusto Ferreira E Ferreira; Valdison Pereira Dos Reis; Charles Nunes Boeno; Jaina Rodrigues Evangelista; Hallison Mota Santana; Suzanne Nery Serrath; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; Cristina Matiele Alves Rego; Maria Naiara Macedo Tavares; Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Neriane Monteiro Nery; Alessandra Da Silva Dantas; Moreno Magalhães S. Rodrigues; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. 2020. "Increase in the risk of snakebites incidence due to changes in humidity levels: A time series study in four municipalities of the state of Rondônia." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 53, no. : e20190377.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2019 in Toxins
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Background: Snake venom phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) have hemolytic, anticoagulant, myotoxic, oedematogenic, bactericidal, and inflammatory actions. BthTX-I, a Lys49-PLA2 isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, is an example of Lys49-PLA2 that presents such actions. NLRP3 is a cytosolic receptor from the NLR family responsible for inflammasome activation via caspase-1 activation and IL-1β liberation. The study of NLRs that recognize tissue damage and activate the inflammasome is relevant in envenomation. Methods: Male mice (18–20 g) received an intramuscular injection of BthTX-I or sterile saline. The serum was collected for creatine-kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) assays, and muscle was removed for inflammasome activation immunoblotting and qRT-PCR expression for nucleotide and oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein family, pyrin-containing domain 3 receptor (NLRP3) inflammasome components. Results: BthTX-I-induced inflammation and myonecrosis, shown by intravital microscope, and LDH and CK release, respectively. Mouse treatment with A438079, a P2X7 receptor antagonist, did not modify these effects. BthTX-I induced inflammasome activation in muscle, but P2X7R participation in this effect was not observed. Conclusion: Together, the results showed for the first time that BthTX-I in gastrocnemius muscle induces inflammation and consequently, inflammasome activation via NLRP3 with caspase-1 activation and IL-1β liberation.

ACS Style

Charles Nunes Boeno; Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; Weverson Luciano Pires; Sulamita Da Silva Setúbal; Jaína Rodrigues Evangelista; Andreimar Martins Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Inflammasome Activation Induced by a Snake Venom Lys49-Phospholipase A2 Homologue. Toxins 2019, 12, 22 .

AMA Style

Charles Nunes Boeno, Mauro Valentino Paloschi, Jéssica Amaral Lopes, Weverson Luciano Pires, Sulamita Da Silva Setúbal, Jaína Rodrigues Evangelista, Andreimar Martins Soares, Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Inflammasome Activation Induced by a Snake Venom Lys49-Phospholipase A2 Homologue. Toxins. 2019; 12 (1):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Charles Nunes Boeno; Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; Weverson Luciano Pires; Sulamita Da Silva Setúbal; Jaína Rodrigues Evangelista; Andreimar Martins Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. 2019. "Inflammasome Activation Induced by a Snake Venom Lys49-Phospholipase A2 Homologue." Toxins 12, no. 1: 22.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Toxicon
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The light-emitting diode (LED) is considered a therapeutic tool due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound-healing effects, which occur through angiogenesis, decrease in IL-1β and IL-6 secretion, and acceleration of the cicatricial process. Snakebites are an important public health problem in tropical regions of the world. LED treatment is a therapeutic tool associated with serum therapy used to minimize the local effects of snakebites, including decrease in creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations, myonecrosis, and inflammatory and haemorrhagic responses. In this study, we analysed the photobiomodulation effect of LED on the activation of murine macrophages induced by BthTX-I or BthTX-II isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom. Photobiomodulation caused an increase in mitochondrial metabolism and a considerable decrease in cytotoxicity in murine macrophages. Moreover, it induced a decrease in reactive oxygen species and nitrogen liberation. However, photobiomodulation caused an increase in macrophage phagocytic capacity and lipid droplet formation. The results of this study corroborated with those of others in an unprecedented way and provide a better understanding of the mechanism of action of photobiomodulation, besides offering a coadjuvant action treatment for the local effects of snakebites, not achieved with serum therapy alone.

ACS Style

Valdison Pereira dos Reis; Maria Naiara Macedo Tavares; Cristina Matiele Alves Rego; Alex Augusto Ferreira e Ferreira; Sulamita Da Silva Setubal; Andreimar Martins Soares; Stella Regina Zamuner; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Light emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy on murine macrophage exposed to Bothropstoxin-I and Bothropstoxin-II myotoxins. Toxicon 2019, 172, 45 -52.

AMA Style

Valdison Pereira dos Reis, Maria Naiara Macedo Tavares, Cristina Matiele Alves Rego, Alex Augusto Ferreira e Ferreira, Sulamita Da Silva Setubal, Andreimar Martins Soares, Stella Regina Zamuner, Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Light emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy on murine macrophage exposed to Bothropstoxin-I and Bothropstoxin-II myotoxins. Toxicon. 2019; 172 ():45-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valdison Pereira dos Reis; Maria Naiara Macedo Tavares; Cristina Matiele Alves Rego; Alex Augusto Ferreira e Ferreira; Sulamita Da Silva Setubal; Andreimar Martins Soares; Stella Regina Zamuner; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. 2019. "Light emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy on murine macrophage exposed to Bothropstoxin-I and Bothropstoxin-II myotoxins." Toxicon 172, no. : 45-52.

Article
Published: 14 May 2019 in Journal of Leukocyte Biology
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BjcuL is a C‐type lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom with specificity for binding β‐d‐galactose units. BjcuL is not toxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but it inhibits PBMC proliferation and stimulates these cells to produce superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide primarily via lymphocyte stimulation; it does not stimulate the production of nitric oxide and PGE2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BjcuL on PBMC activation with a focus on cytokine release modulating PBMC proliferation. The results showed for the first time that BjcuL coupled to FITC interacted with monocytes, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and with subpopulations of T cells. These cell‐cell interactions can lead to cell activation and inflammatory cytokines release, such as IL‐6 and TNF‐α, as well as the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. In addition, TNF‐α release was attributed to NK cells and monocytes, whereas IL‐10 was attributed to TCD4+ and Treg cells when stimulated by BjcuL. The temporal cytokines profile produced by cells when stimulated with this lectin allows us to assert that BjcuL has immunomodulatory activity in this context.

ACS Style

Weverson Luciano Pires; Anderson Makoto Kayano; Onassis Boeri De Castro; Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; Charles Nunes Boeno; Soraya Santos Pereira; Maisa Antunes; Moreno Rodrigues; Rodrigo Guerino Stábeli; Carla Freire Celêdonio Fernandes; Andreimar Martins Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom induces IL‐10 release by TCD4 + cells and TNF‐α release by monocytes and natural killer cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2019, 106, 595 -605.

AMA Style

Weverson Luciano Pires, Anderson Makoto Kayano, Onassis Boeri De Castro, Mauro Valentino Paloschi, Jéssica Amaral Lopes, Charles Nunes Boeno, Soraya Santos Pereira, Maisa Antunes, Moreno Rodrigues, Rodrigo Guerino Stábeli, Carla Freire Celêdonio Fernandes, Andreimar Martins Soares, Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom induces IL‐10 release by TCD4 + cells and TNF‐α release by monocytes and natural killer cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2019; 106 (3):595-605.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weverson Luciano Pires; Anderson Makoto Kayano; Onassis Boeri De Castro; Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; Charles Nunes Boeno; Soraya Santos Pereira; Maisa Antunes; Moreno Rodrigues; Rodrigo Guerino Stábeli; Carla Freire Celêdonio Fernandes; Andreimar Martins Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. 2019. "Lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom induces IL‐10 release by TCD4 + cells and TNF‐α release by monocytes and natural killer cells." Journal of Leukocyte Biology 106, no. 3: 595-605.

Major article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
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Crotalus envenomations cause serious complications and can be fatal without appropriate treatment. Venom isoforms present and inter/intraspecific variations in the venom composition can result in different symptoms presented by bites by snakes from the same species but from different geographical regions. We comparatively evaluated the local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt), C.d. collilineatus (Cdcolli), and C.d. cascavella (Cdcasc) envenomation. Venom chromatography was performed. Proteolytic, phospholipase, and LAAO activities were analyzed. Edema, myotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and coagulation alterations were evaluated. The venom SDS-PAGE analyses found the presence of convulxin, gyroxin, crotoxin, and crotamine in Cdt and Cdcolli venoms. Crotamine was not present in the Cdcasc venom. Cdt, Cdcollli, and Cdcasc venoms had no proteolytic activity. Only Cdcasc and Cdt venoms had phospholipase activity. LAAO activity was observed in Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms. Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms caused 36.7% and 13.3% edema increases, respectively. Cdt venom caused a 10% edema induction compared to those by other venoms. All venoms increased TOTAL-CK, MB-CK, and LDH levels (indicating muscle injury) and ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels (markers of liver damage) and were able to induce a neuromuscular blockade. Urea and creatinine levels were also altered in both plasma and urine, indicating kidney damage. Only Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms increased TAPP and TAP. Together, these results allow us to draw a distinction between local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus subspecies, highlighting the clinical and biochemical effects produced by their respective venoms.

ACS Style

Letícia Helena De Carvalho; Leda Fabiélen Teixeira; Kayena Delaix Zaqueo; Jéssica Felix Bastos; Neriane Monteiro Nery; Sulamita Silva Setúbal; Adriana Silva Pontes; Diana Butzke; Walter Cavalcante; Marcia Gallacci; Carla Freire Celedônio Fernandes; Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli; Andreimar Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus durissus terrificus, Crotalus durissus collilineatus, and Crotalus durissus cascavella snake venoms in swiss mice. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2019, 52, e20180526 .

AMA Style

Letícia Helena De Carvalho, Leda Fabiélen Teixeira, Kayena Delaix Zaqueo, Jéssica Felix Bastos, Neriane Monteiro Nery, Sulamita Silva Setúbal, Adriana Silva Pontes, Diana Butzke, Walter Cavalcante, Marcia Gallacci, Carla Freire Celedônio Fernandes, Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli, Andreimar Soares, Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus durissus terrificus, Crotalus durissus collilineatus, and Crotalus durissus cascavella snake venoms in swiss mice. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2019; 52 ():e20180526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Letícia Helena De Carvalho; Leda Fabiélen Teixeira; Kayena Delaix Zaqueo; Jéssica Felix Bastos; Neriane Monteiro Nery; Sulamita Silva Setúbal; Adriana Silva Pontes; Diana Butzke; Walter Cavalcante; Marcia Gallacci; Carla Freire Celedônio Fernandes; Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli; Andreimar Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. 2019. "Local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus durissus terrificus, Crotalus durissus collilineatus, and Crotalus durissus cascavella snake venoms in swiss mice." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 52, no. : e20180526.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2018 in Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
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Cnidarians produce toxins, which are composed of different polypeptides that induce pharmacological effects of biotechnological interest, such as antitumor, antiophidic and anti-clotting activities. This study aimed to evaluate toxicological activities and potential as antitumor and antiophidic agents contained in total extracts from five cnidarians: Millepora alcicornis, Stichodactyla helianthus, Plexaura homomalla, Bartholomea annulata and Condylactis gigantea (total and body wall). The cnidarian extracts were evaluated by electrophoresis and for their phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, coagulant, fibrinogenolytic, neuromuscular blocking, muscle-damaging, edema-inducing and cytotoxic activities. All cnidarian extracts showed indirect hemolytic activity, but only S. helianthus induced direct hemolysis and neurotoxic effect. However, the hydrolysis of NBD-PC, a PLA2 substrate, was presented only by the C. gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus. The extracts from P. homomalla and S. helianthus induced edema, while only C. gigantea and S. helianthus showed intensified myotoxic activity. The proteolytic activity upon casein and fibrinogen was presented mainly by B. annulata extract and all were unable to induce hemorrhage or fibrinogen coagulation. Cnidarian extracts were able to neutralize clotting induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, except M. alcicornis. All cnidarian extracts were able to inhibit hemorrhagic activity induced by Bothrops moojeni venom. Only the C. gigantea (body wall) inhibited thrombin-induced coagulation. All cnidarian extracts showed antitumor effect against Jurkat cells, of which C. gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus were the most active; however, only C. gigantea (body wall) and M. alcicornis were active against B16F10 cells. The cnidarian extracts analyzed showed relevant in vitro inhibitory potential over the activities induced by Bothrops venoms; these results may contribute to elucidate the possible mechanisms of interaction between cnidarian extracts and snake venoms.

ACS Style

Cláudia S. Oliveira; Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira; Rafaela Diniz-Sousa; Dolores L. Romero; Silvana Marcussi; Laura A. Moura; André L. Fuly; Cicília De Carvalho; Walter L. G. Cavalcante; Márcia Gallacci; Maeli Dal Pai; Juliana P. Zuliani; Leonardo A. Calderon; Andreimar M. Soares. Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2018, 24, 22 .

AMA Style

Cláudia S. Oliveira, Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira, Rafaela Diniz-Sousa, Dolores L. Romero, Silvana Marcussi, Laura A. Moura, André L. Fuly, Cicília De Carvalho, Walter L. G. Cavalcante, Márcia Gallacci, Maeli Dal Pai, Juliana P. Zuliani, Leonardo A. Calderon, Andreimar M. Soares. Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases. 2018; 24 (1):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cláudia S. Oliveira; Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira; Rafaela Diniz-Sousa; Dolores L. Romero; Silvana Marcussi; Laura A. Moura; André L. Fuly; Cicília De Carvalho; Walter L. G. Cavalcante; Márcia Gallacci; Maeli Dal Pai; Juliana P. Zuliani; Leonardo A. Calderon; Andreimar M. Soares. 2018. "Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties." Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 24, no. 1: 22.

Major article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
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Keywords: Snakebite; Clinical; Epidemiology; Viperidae; Neglected disease

ACS Style

Katia Regina Pena Schesquini Roriz; Kayena Delaix Zaqueo; Sulamita Silva Setubal; Tony Hiroshi Katsuragawa; Renato Roriz Da Silva; Carla Freire Celedônio Fernandes; Luiz Augusto Paiva Cardoso; Moreno Rodrigues; Andreimar Soares; Rodrigo Guerino Stábeli; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Epidemiological study of snakebite cases in Brazilian Western Amazonia. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2018, 51, 338 -346.

AMA Style

Katia Regina Pena Schesquini Roriz, Kayena Delaix Zaqueo, Sulamita Silva Setubal, Tony Hiroshi Katsuragawa, Renato Roriz Da Silva, Carla Freire Celedônio Fernandes, Luiz Augusto Paiva Cardoso, Moreno Rodrigues, Andreimar Soares, Rodrigo Guerino Stábeli, Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Epidemiological study of snakebite cases in Brazilian Western Amazonia. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2018; 51 (3):338-346.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katia Regina Pena Schesquini Roriz; Kayena Delaix Zaqueo; Sulamita Silva Setubal; Tony Hiroshi Katsuragawa; Renato Roriz Da Silva; Carla Freire Celedônio Fernandes; Luiz Augusto Paiva Cardoso; Moreno Rodrigues; Andreimar Soares; Rodrigo Guerino Stábeli; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. 2018. "Epidemiological study of snakebite cases in Brazilian Western Amazonia." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 51, no. 3: 338-346.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Toxicon
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ACS Style

Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Charles Nunes Boeno; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; André Eduardo Dos Santos Da Rosa; Weverson Luciano Pires; Adriana Silva Pontes; Sulamita Da Silva Setúbal; Andreimar Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Role of l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom on neutrophil NADPH oxidase complex activation. Toxicon 2018, 145, 48 -55.

AMA Style

Mauro Valentino Paloschi, Charles Nunes Boeno, Jéssica Amaral Lopes, André Eduardo Dos Santos Da Rosa, Weverson Luciano Pires, Adriana Silva Pontes, Sulamita Da Silva Setúbal, Andreimar Soares, Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Role of l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom on neutrophil NADPH oxidase complex activation. Toxicon. 2018; 145 ():48-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mauro Valentino Paloschi; Charles Nunes Boeno; Jéssica Amaral Lopes; André Eduardo Dos Santos Da Rosa; Weverson Luciano Pires; Adriana Silva Pontes; Sulamita Da Silva Setúbal; Andreimar Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. 2018. "Role of l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom on neutrophil NADPH oxidase complex activation." Toxicon 145, no. : 48-55.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2018 in Toxins
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Toxic effects triggered by crotalic envenoming are mainly related to crotoxin (CTX), composed of a phospholipase A2 (CB) and a subunit with no toxic activity (CA). Camelids produce immunoglobulins G devoid of light chains, in which the antigen recognition domain is called VHH. Given their unique characteristics, VHHs were selected using Phage Display against CTX from Crotalus durissus terrificus. After three rounds of biopanning, four sequence profiles for CB (KF498602, KF498603, KF498604, and KF498605) and one for CA (KF498606) were revealed. All clones presented the VHH hallmark in FR2 and a long CDR3, with the exception of KF498606. After expressing pET22b-VHHs in E. coli, approximately 2 to 6 mg of protein per liter of culture were obtained. When tested for cross-reactivity, VHHs presented specificity for the Crotalus genus and were capable of recognizing CB through Western blot. KF498602 and KF498604 showed thermostability, and displayed affinity constants for CTX in the micro or nanomolar range. They inhibited in vitro CTX PLA2 activity, and CB cytotoxicity. Furthermore, KF498604 inhibited the CTX-induced myotoxicity in mice by 78.8%. Molecular docking revealed that KF498604 interacts with the CA–CB interface of CTX, seeming to block substrate access. Selected VHHs may be alternatives for the crotalic envenoming treatment.

ACS Style

Marcos B. Luiz; Soraya S. Pereira; Nidiane D. R. Prado; Naan R. Gonçalves; Anderson M. Kayano; Leandro S. Moreira-Dill; Juliana C. Sobrinho; Fernando B. Zanchi; André L. Fuly; Cleberson F. Fernandes; Juliana P. Zuliani; Andreimar M. Soares; Rodrigo G. Stabeli; Carla F. C. Fernandes. Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies (VHHs) against Crotoxin: A Basis for Developing Modular Building Blocks for the Enhancement of Treatment or Diagnosis of Crotalic Envenoming. Toxins 2018, 10, 142 .

AMA Style

Marcos B. Luiz, Soraya S. Pereira, Nidiane D. R. Prado, Naan R. Gonçalves, Anderson M. Kayano, Leandro S. Moreira-Dill, Juliana C. Sobrinho, Fernando B. Zanchi, André L. Fuly, Cleberson F. Fernandes, Juliana P. Zuliani, Andreimar M. Soares, Rodrigo G. Stabeli, Carla F. C. Fernandes. Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies (VHHs) against Crotoxin: A Basis for Developing Modular Building Blocks for the Enhancement of Treatment or Diagnosis of Crotalic Envenoming. Toxins. 2018; 10 (4):142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcos B. Luiz; Soraya S. Pereira; Nidiane D. R. Prado; Naan R. Gonçalves; Anderson M. Kayano; Leandro S. Moreira-Dill; Juliana C. Sobrinho; Fernando B. Zanchi; André L. Fuly; Cleberson F. Fernandes; Juliana P. Zuliani; Andreimar M. Soares; Rodrigo G. Stabeli; Carla F. C. Fernandes. 2018. "Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies (VHHs) against Crotoxin: A Basis for Developing Modular Building Blocks for the Enhancement of Treatment or Diagnosis of Crotalic Envenoming." Toxins 10, no. 4: 142.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2018 in Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
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Wasp venoms constitute a molecular reservoir of new pharmacological substances such as peptides and proteins, biological property holders, many of which are yet to be identified. Exploring these sources may lead to the discovery of molecules hitherto unknown. This study describes, for the first time in hymenopteran venoms, the identification of an enzymatically inactive phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from the venom of the social wasp Polybia occidentalis. P. occidentalis venom was fractioned by molecular exclusion and reverse phase chromatography. For the biochemical characterization of the protein, 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE were performed, along with phospholipase activity assays on synthetic substrates, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and sequencing by Edman degradation. The protein, called PocTX, was isolated using two chromatographic steps. Based on the phospholipase activity assay, electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, the protein presented a high degree of purity, with a mass of 13,896.47 Da and a basic pI. After sequencing by the Edman degradation method, it was found that the protein showed a high identity with snake venom PLA2 homologues. This is the first report of an enzymatically inactive PLA2 isolated from wasp venom, similar to snake PLA2 homologues.

ACS Style

Rafaela Diniz-Sousa; Anderson M. Kayano; Cleópatra A. Caldeira; Rodrigo Simões-Silva; Marta C. Monteiro; Leandro S. Moreira-Dill; Fernando P. Grabner; Leonardo A. Calderon; Juliana P. Zuliani; Rodrigo G. Stábeli; Andreimar M. Soares. Biochemical characterization of a phospholipase A2 homologue from the venom of the social wasp Polybia occidentalis. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2018, 24, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Rafaela Diniz-Sousa, Anderson M. Kayano, Cleópatra A. Caldeira, Rodrigo Simões-Silva, Marta C. Monteiro, Leandro S. Moreira-Dill, Fernando P. Grabner, Leonardo A. Calderon, Juliana P. Zuliani, Rodrigo G. Stábeli, Andreimar M. Soares. Biochemical characterization of a phospholipase A2 homologue from the venom of the social wasp Polybia occidentalis. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases. 2018; 24 (1):1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafaela Diniz-Sousa; Anderson M. Kayano; Cleópatra A. Caldeira; Rodrigo Simões-Silva; Marta C. Monteiro; Leandro S. Moreira-Dill; Fernando P. Grabner; Leonardo A. Calderon; Juliana P. Zuliani; Rodrigo G. Stábeli; Andreimar M. Soares. 2018. "Biochemical characterization of a phospholipase A2 homologue from the venom of the social wasp Polybia occidentalis." Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 24, no. 1: 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Toxicon
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The present work aimed to isolate a basic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Bothrops diporus snake venom (BdV), evaluate and compare the myotoxic and oedema-inducing activities, as well as the systemic effects caused by both the isolated PLA2 and BdV on Swiss mice. A Lys-49 PLA2 (BdipTX-I) was obtained through two chromatographic steps: an ion-exchange and a reverse phase. The local (oedema and myotoxicity) and systemic (hepatic and renal functions) effects were then assessed for BdipTX-I and BdV. Results showed that the oedema-inducing activity was significant in all tested doses (5 and 20 μg/paw) for both BdipTX-I and BdV. Myotoxicity was evaluated by the increase of serum CK, CK-MB and LDH, and results showed that BdV effect is more prominent than BdipTX-I effect. The systemic effects were evaluated by determining specific laboratory markers: AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, urea, creatinine, protein and calcium. BdipTX-I and BdV were able to induce renal changes in the experimental model, leading to proteinuria (induced both by BdipTX-I and by BdV) and uremia (induced only by BdV). Thus, it is concluded that the systemic effects of BdV and BdipTX-I occur differently.

ACS Style

Leda Fabiélen Teixera; Letícia Helena De Carvalho; Onássis Boeri De Castro; Jéssica Silva Félix Bastos; Neriane Monteiro Néry; George Azevedo Oliveira; Anderson Makoto Kayano; Andreimar Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Local and systemic effects of BdipTX-I, a Lys-49 phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops diporus snake venom. Toxicon 2018, 141, 55 -64.

AMA Style

Leda Fabiélen Teixera, Letícia Helena De Carvalho, Onássis Boeri De Castro, Jéssica Silva Félix Bastos, Neriane Monteiro Néry, George Azevedo Oliveira, Anderson Makoto Kayano, Andreimar Soares, Juliana Pavan Zuliani. Local and systemic effects of BdipTX-I, a Lys-49 phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops diporus snake venom. Toxicon. 2018; 141 ():55-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leda Fabiélen Teixera; Letícia Helena De Carvalho; Onássis Boeri De Castro; Jéssica Silva Félix Bastos; Neriane Monteiro Néry; George Azevedo Oliveira; Anderson Makoto Kayano; Andreimar Soares; Juliana Pavan Zuliani. 2018. "Local and systemic effects of BdipTX-I, a Lys-49 phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops diporus snake venom." Toxicon 141, no. : 55-64.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2017 in Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
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Snake venom phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are responsible for numerous pathophysiological effects in snakebites; however, their biochemical properties favour antimicrobial actions against different pathogens, thus constituting a true source of potential microbicidal agents. This study describes the isolation of a Lys49 PLA2 homologue from Lachesis muta muta venom using two chromatographic steps: size exclusion and reverse phase. The protein showed a molecular mass of 13,889 Da and was devoid of phospholipase activity on an artificial substrate. The primary structure made it possible to identify an unpublished protein from L. m. muta venom, named LmutTX, that presented high identity with other Lys49 PLA2s from bothropic venoms. Synthetic peptides designed from LmutTX were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. LmutTX was cytotoxic against C2C12 myotubes at concentrations of at least 200 μg/mL, whereas the peptides showed a low cytolytic effect. LmutTX showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, S. aureusATCC 29213 and MRSA strains were more sensitive to the toxin's action. Synthetic peptides were tested on S. aureus, MRSA and P. aeruginosaATCC 27853 strains, showing promising results. This study describes for the first time the isolation of a Lys49 PLA2 from Lachesis snake venom and shows that peptides from specific regions of the sequence may constitute new sources of molecules with biotechnological potential.

ACS Style

Rafaela Diniz‐Sousa; Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira; Anderson M. Kayano; Mauro V. Paloschi; Daniel. C. Pimenta; Rodrigo Simões‐Silva; Amália S. Ferreira; Fernando B. Zanchi; Najla B. Matos; Fernando P. Grabner; Leonardo A. Calderon; Juliana P. Zuliani; Andreimar M. Soares. Identification of the Molecular Determinants of the Antibacterial Activity of LmutTX, a Lys49 Phospholipase A2 Homologue Isolated from Lachesis muta muta Snake Venom (Linnaeus, 1766). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 2017, 122, 413 -423.

AMA Style

Rafaela Diniz‐Sousa, Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira, Anderson M. Kayano, Mauro V. Paloschi, Daniel. C. Pimenta, Rodrigo Simões‐Silva, Amália S. Ferreira, Fernando B. Zanchi, Najla B. Matos, Fernando P. Grabner, Leonardo A. Calderon, Juliana P. Zuliani, Andreimar M. Soares. Identification of the Molecular Determinants of the Antibacterial Activity of LmutTX, a Lys49 Phospholipase A2 Homologue Isolated from Lachesis muta muta Snake Venom (Linnaeus, 1766). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. 2017; 122 (4):413-423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafaela Diniz‐Sousa; Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira; Anderson M. Kayano; Mauro V. Paloschi; Daniel. C. Pimenta; Rodrigo Simões‐Silva; Amália S. Ferreira; Fernando B. Zanchi; Najla B. Matos; Fernando P. Grabner; Leonardo A. Calderon; Juliana P. Zuliani; Andreimar M. Soares. 2017. "Identification of the Molecular Determinants of the Antibacterial Activity of LmutTX, a Lys49 Phospholipase A2 Homologue Isolated from Lachesis muta muta Snake Venom (Linnaeus, 1766)." Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 122, no. 4: 413-423.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Toxicon
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The action of LAAO, an L-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodosthoma snake venom, on isolated human neutrophil function was investigated. Cr-LAAO showed no toxicity on neutrophils. Cr-LAAO in its native form induced the neutrophil chemotaxis, suggesting that its primary structure is essential for stimulation the cell. p38 MAPK and PI3K have a role as signaling pathways of CR-LAAO induced chemotaxis. This toxin also induced the production of hydrogen peroxide and stimulated phagocytosis in neutrophils. Furthermore, Cr-LAAO was able to stimulate neutrophils to release IL-6, IL-8, MPO, LTB4 and PGE2. Together, the data showed that the Cr-LAAO triggers relevant proinflammatory events.

ACS Style

Adriana S. Pontes; Sulamita Da S. Setúbal; Neriane Monteiro Nery; Francisquinha Souza da Silva; Silvana D. da Silva; Carla F.C. Fernandes; Rodrigo G. Stábeli; Andreimar M. Soares; Juliana P. Zuliani. p38 MAPK is involved in human neutrophil chemotaxis induced by L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodosthoma. Toxicon 2016, 119, 106 -116.

AMA Style

Adriana S. Pontes, Sulamita Da S. Setúbal, Neriane Monteiro Nery, Francisquinha Souza da Silva, Silvana D. da Silva, Carla F.C. Fernandes, Rodrigo G. Stábeli, Andreimar M. Soares, Juliana P. Zuliani. p38 MAPK is involved in human neutrophil chemotaxis induced by L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodosthoma. Toxicon. 2016; 119 ():106-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriana S. Pontes; Sulamita Da S. Setúbal; Neriane Monteiro Nery; Francisquinha Souza da Silva; Silvana D. da Silva; Carla F.C. Fernandes; Rodrigo G. Stábeli; Andreimar M. Soares; Juliana P. Zuliani. 2016. "p38 MAPK is involved in human neutrophil chemotaxis induced by L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodosthoma." Toxicon 119, no. : 106-116.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2015 in Toxicon
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The Micrurus genus is the American representative of Elapidae family. Micrurus spixii is endemic of South America and northern states of Brazil. Elapidic venoms contain neurotoxins that promote curare-mimetic neuromuscular blockage. In this study, biochemical and functional characterizations of M. spixii crude venom were performed and a new neurotoxic phospholipase A2 called MsPLA2-I was isolated. M. spixii crude venom caused severe swelling in the legs of tested mice and significant release of creatine kinase (CK) showing its myotoxic activity. Leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 1.24 μg/mL) was also observed, along with antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, which are unprecedented for Micrurus venoms. MsPLA2-I with a Mr 12,809.4 Da was isolated from the crude venom of M. spixii. The N-terminal sequencing of a fragment of 60 amino acids showed 80% similarity with another PLA2 from Micrurus altirostris. This toxin and the crude venom showed phospholipase activity. In a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation, M. spixii venom and MsPLA2-I induced the blockage of both direct and indirect twitches. While the venom presented a pronounced myotoxic activity, MsPLA2-I expressed a summation of neurotoxic activity. The results of this study make M. spixii crude venom promising compounds in the exploration of molecules with microbicidal potential.

ACS Style

Angelo L.C. Terra; Leandro S. Moreira-Dill; Rodrigo Simoes-Silva; José Roniele N. Monteiro; Walter L.G. Cavalcante; Márcia Gallacci; Neuza B. Barros; Roberto Nicolete; Carolina B.G. Teles; Patrícia S.M. Medeiros; Fernando B. Zanchi; Juliana P. Zuliani; Leonardo A. Calderon; Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli; Andreimar M. Soares. Biological characterization of the Amazon coral Micrurus spixii snake venom: Isolation of a new neurotoxic phospholipase A2. Toxicon 2015, 103, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Angelo L.C. Terra, Leandro S. Moreira-Dill, Rodrigo Simoes-Silva, José Roniele N. Monteiro, Walter L.G. Cavalcante, Márcia Gallacci, Neuza B. Barros, Roberto Nicolete, Carolina B.G. Teles, Patrícia S.M. Medeiros, Fernando B. Zanchi, Juliana P. Zuliani, Leonardo A. Calderon, Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli, Andreimar M. Soares. Biological characterization of the Amazon coral Micrurus spixii snake venom: Isolation of a new neurotoxic phospholipase A2. Toxicon. 2015; 103 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angelo L.C. Terra; Leandro S. Moreira-Dill; Rodrigo Simoes-Silva; José Roniele N. Monteiro; Walter L.G. Cavalcante; Márcia Gallacci; Neuza B. Barros; Roberto Nicolete; Carolina B.G. Teles; Patrícia S.M. Medeiros; Fernando B. Zanchi; Juliana P. Zuliani; Leonardo A. Calderon; Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli; Andreimar M. Soares. 2015. "Biological characterization of the Amazon coral Micrurus spixii snake venom: Isolation of a new neurotoxic phospholipase A2." Toxicon 103, no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Toxicon
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The in vitro effects of LAAO, an l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodosthoma snake venom, on isolated human neutrophil function were investigated. LAAO showed no toxicity on neutrophils. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, LAAO induced the superoxide anion production by isolated human neutrophil. This toxin, in its native form, is also able to stimulate the production of hydrogen peroxide in neutrophils, suggesting that its primary structure is essential for stimulation the cell. Moreover, the incubation of LAAO and phenol red medium did not induce the production of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, LAAO was able to stimulate neutrophils to release proinflammatory mediators such as IL-8 and TNF-α as well as NETs liberation. Together, the data showed that the LAAO triggers relevant proinflammatory events. Particular regions of the molecule distinct from the LAAO catalytic site may be involved in the onset of inflammatory events.

ACS Style

Adriana S. Pontes; Sulamita Da S. Setúbal; Caroline V. Xavier; Fabianne Lacouth-Silva; Anderson M. Kayano; Weverson L. Pires; Neriane Monteiro Nery; Onassis Boeri de Castro; Silvana D. da Silva; Leonardo A. Calderon; Rodrigo G. Stábeli; Andreimar M. Soares; Juliana P. Zuliani. Effect of l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodosthoma snake venom on human neutrophils. Toxicon 2014, 80, 27 -37.

AMA Style

Adriana S. Pontes, Sulamita Da S. Setúbal, Caroline V. Xavier, Fabianne Lacouth-Silva, Anderson M. Kayano, Weverson L. Pires, Neriane Monteiro Nery, Onassis Boeri de Castro, Silvana D. da Silva, Leonardo A. Calderon, Rodrigo G. Stábeli, Andreimar M. Soares, Juliana P. Zuliani. Effect of l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodosthoma snake venom on human neutrophils. Toxicon. 2014; 80 ():27-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriana S. Pontes; Sulamita Da S. Setúbal; Caroline V. Xavier; Fabianne Lacouth-Silva; Anderson M. Kayano; Weverson L. Pires; Neriane Monteiro Nery; Onassis Boeri de Castro; Silvana D. da Silva; Leonardo A. Calderon; Rodrigo G. Stábeli; Andreimar M. Soares; Juliana P. Zuliani. 2014. "Effect of l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodosthoma snake venom on human neutrophils." Toxicon 80, no. : 27-37.