The Domain Name System (DNS) is a key part of the Internet, and it is used for global domain name resolution. However, it has security risks due to its centralized or semi-centralized design and reliance on a few root servers. To improve DNS security and long-term stability, this study proposes the consensus roots system, a blockchain-based distributed domain architecture. The system uses a 1 + N master-subchain structure to solve the problem of trust and data synchronization across blockchains. The master chain acts as a relay and uses Hyperledger Fabric, a consortium blockchain platform, to support semi-centralized cross-chain communication. Subchains are local blockchains that need to connect with the master chain. To ensure safe and reliable transactions, the system uses a staged-proposal atomic swap method on the master chain. Compared to prior approaches, this work introduces a cross-chain architecture that enables more efficient trust synchronization, reducing latency and improving scalability without compromising security.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential component of Internet infrastructure but faces significant challenges in scalability, security, and centralized control. Traditional centralized architectures are limited by single points of failure and inefficiencies in cross-chain data synchronization management. In response, this paper introduces Cross-DNS, a consortium blockchain-based framework designed to improve DNS resolution through a hierarchical cross-chain architecture. This architecture employs a mainchain as the central coordination platform and multiple sidechains to effectively manage decentralized domain synchronization. Notable innovations include a two-phase voting and verification protocol to maintain transaction integrity, a reputation-based committee election system to prevent malicious and lazy behaviors, and enhanced cross-chain query methods to ensure timely resolution. Our experimental evaluations confirm that Cross-DNS effectively increases transaction processing capacity and resolution speed, while controlling the risks associated with centralized control of root servers. By integrating blockchain’s decentralization advantages with DNS operational demands, this framework makes significant progress in DNS scalability and addresses key issues such as compatibility with existing systems.