Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic system featuring two nitrogen heteroatoms at the 1- and 3-positions of the ring. The imidazole scaffold is particularly suited for kinase inhibition concepts. This further confirms that this scaffold is a privileged structure in the development of anticancer drugs. Considering these key factors and the recent focus of scientists on imidazole compounds, we discuss the anticancer activities of imidazole-containing hybrids and related compounds, highlighting articles published in 2023 that serve as a basis for medicinal chemistry leads. From a chemical perspective, the present review emphasizes hybrid molecules with an imidazole ring in the side chain, imidazole-centered hybrid molecules, condensed imidazole hybrids, hybrid compounds containing two or more imidazole rings, polycyclic imidazole hybrids, imidazole-containing metal complexes, and benzimidazole hybrids.

The pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (7-deazapurine) scaffold is a unique heterocyclic system included in the composition of most nucleotides. In this study, series of the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-imines and 3-halo-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines were designed and prepared in high yields. Condensed pyrimidines are obtained via carbonyl-amine condensation and carbon-halogen bond formation. Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-imines containing a bromine substituent at position C-4 of the phenyl ring and azepine side-ring exhibited superior antitumor activity on the colon cancer HT-29 cell line; IC₅₀ values were 4.55 and 4.01 µM, respectively. These results revealed an interesting pattern, where condensed pyrimidinones containing an azepine ring demonstrated selective antitumor activity on the colon cancer cell line HT-29. In addition, the molecular docking results suggest that compound 8g provided a thorough understanding of its interactions with the DDR2 active site. This could pave the way for further development and optimization of DDR-targeting drugs, contributing to advancements in cancer therapeutics. This lead compound may serve as design templates for further studies.

The thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine scaffolds have emerged as an important class of heterocycles in anticancer drug discovery, with clinically advanced drugs olmutinib and pictilisib highlighting their therapeutic potential. This review presents thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-containing anticancer agents reported between January 2008 and August 2025, focusing on synthetic methodologies, anticancer-related biological activities, and structure–activity relationships. Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives have been investigated as inhibitors of numerous cancer-related targets, including EGFR, PI3K/mTOR, CDKs, JAK, VEGFR, HDAC, ATR, and other oncogenic proteins. This review also summarizes thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine scaffolds with anticancer activity, with particular emphasis on the design and synthesis of lead compounds, molecular hybridization strategies, and recent advances in this area. Synthetic pathways for lead compounds are systematically presented and discussed, along with pharmacophoric features. In addition, detailed structure–activity relationship analyses are provided to highlight the influence of heterocyclic fusion, linker optimization, hydrogen-bonding motifs, electronic effects, hydrophobic fragments, and the introduction of hybrid scaffolds on antiproliferative potency, kinase inhibition, selectivity, and multitarget activity. In addition, this review demonstrates the significant potential of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-based scaffolds as a privileged platform for the development of next-generation targeted anticancer agents and offers valuable guidance for future medicinal chemistry research.

Ushbu tadqiqotda molekulyar doking usuli yordamida protein kinaza (PDB kodi: 4AQC) oqsili bilan xinazolin hosilalarining oʻzaro taʼsiri oʻrganildi. Olingan natijalar shuni koʻrsatdiki, bu hosilalar tanlangan oqsilning faol joylariga yuqori moslik bilan bogʻlandi, bu ularning biologik faolligini tushuntirishga yordam beradi. Doking natijalari yangi dorivor moddalarni ishlab chiqishda foydali boʻlishi qayd etilgan.