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Joost Vogtlander
Industrial Design Engineering, Product Innovation Management, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands

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Journal article
Published: 07 May 2021 in Sustainability
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LCAs of electric cars and electrolytic hydrogen production are governed by the consumption of electricity. Therefore, LCA benchmarking is prone to choices on electricity data. There are four issues: (1) leading Life Cycle Impact (LCI) databases suffer from inconvenient uncertainties and inaccuracies, (2) electricity mix in countries is rapidly changing, year after year, (3) the electricity mix is strongly fluctuating on an hourly and daily basis, which requires time-based allocation approaches, and (4) how to deal with nuclear power in benchmarking. This analysis shows that: (a) the differences of the GHG emissions of the country production mix in leading databases are rather high (30%), (b) in LCA, a distinction must be made between bundled and unbundled registered electricity certificates (RECs) and guarantees of origin (GOs); the residual mix should not be applied in LCA because of its huge inaccuracy, (c) time-based allocation rules for renewables are required to cope with periods of overproduction, (d) benchmarking of electricity is highly affected by the choice of midpoints and/or endpoint systems, and (e) there is an urgent need for a new LCI database, based on measured emission data, continuously kept up-to-date, transparent, and open access.

ACS Style

Roberta Olindo; Nathalie Schmitt; Joost Vogtländer. Life Cycle Assessments on Battery Electric Vehicles and Electrolytic Hydrogen: The Need for Calculation Rules and Better Databases on Electricity. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5250 .

AMA Style

Roberta Olindo, Nathalie Schmitt, Joost Vogtländer. Life Cycle Assessments on Battery Electric Vehicles and Electrolytic Hydrogen: The Need for Calculation Rules and Better Databases on Electricity. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberta Olindo; Nathalie Schmitt; Joost Vogtländer. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessments on Battery Electric Vehicles and Electrolytic Hydrogen: The Need for Calculation Rules and Better Databases on Electricity." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5250.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Sustainability
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This research optimizes the environmental impact of a conventional building foundation in Northern Europe while considering the economic cost. The foundation is composed of piles and ground beams. Calculations are performed following relevant building Eurocodes and using life cycle assessment methodology. Concrete and steel accounted for the majority of the environmental impact of foundation alternatives; in particular, steel on piles has a significant influence. Selecting small sections of precast piles or low-reinforcement vibro-piles instead of continuous-flight auger piles can reduce the environmental impacts and economic costs of a foundation by 55% and 40%, respectively. However, using precast beams rather than building them on site can increase the global warming potential (GWP) by up to 10%. Increasing the concrete strength in vibro-piles can reduce the eco-costs, ReCiPe indicator, and cumulated energy demand (CED) by up to 30%; the GWP by 25%; and the economic costs by up to 15%. Designing three piles instead of four piles per beam reduces the eco-costs and ReCiPe by 20–30%, the GWP by 15–20%, the CED by 15–25%, and the costs by 12%. A Pareto analysis was used to select the best foundation alternatives in terms of the combination of costs and eco-burdens, which are those with vibro-piles with higher concrete strengths (low reinforcement), cast in situ or prefabricated beams and four piles per beam.

ACS Style

Ester Pujadas-Gispert; Joost Vogtländer; S. Moonen. Environmental and Economic Optimization of a Conventional Concrete Building Foundation: Selecting the Best of 28 Alternatives by Applying the Pareto Front. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1496 .

AMA Style

Ester Pujadas-Gispert, Joost Vogtländer, S. Moonen. Environmental and Economic Optimization of a Conventional Concrete Building Foundation: Selecting the Best of 28 Alternatives by Applying the Pareto Front. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ester Pujadas-Gispert; Joost Vogtländer; S. Moonen. 2021. "Environmental and Economic Optimization of a Conventional Concrete Building Foundation: Selecting the Best of 28 Alternatives by Applying the Pareto Front." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1496.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2020 in Energies
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In search of sustainable business models, product innovation must fulfil a double objective: the new product must have a higher (market) value, and at the same time a lower eco-burden. To achieve this objective, it is an imperative that the value, the total costs of ownership, and the eco-burden of a product are analysed at the beginning of the design process (idea generation and concept development). The design approach that supports such a design objective, is called Eco-efficient Value Creation (EVC). This approach is characterised by a two-dimensional representation: the eco-burden at the y-axis and the costs or the value at the x-axis. The value is either the Willingness to Pay or the market price. The eco-burden is expressed in eco-costs, a monetised single indicator in LCA (Life Cycle Assessment): an app for IOS and Android, and excel look-up tables at the internet, enable quick assessment of eco-costs. A practical example is given: the design of a new concept of domestic street lighting system for the city of Rotterdam. This new concept results in a considerable reduction of carbon footprint and eco-costs, and shows the benefits for the municipality and for the residents, resulting in a viable business case.

ACS Style

Nine Klaassen; Arno Scheepens; Bas Flipsen; Joost Vogtlander. Eco-Efficient Value Creation of Residential Street Lighting Systems by Simultaneously Analysing the Value, the Costs and the Eco-Costs during the Design and Engineering Phase. Energies 2020, 13, 3351 .

AMA Style

Nine Klaassen, Arno Scheepens, Bas Flipsen, Joost Vogtlander. Eco-Efficient Value Creation of Residential Street Lighting Systems by Simultaneously Analysing the Value, the Costs and the Eco-Costs during the Design and Engineering Phase. Energies. 2020; 13 (13):3351.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nine Klaassen; Arno Scheepens; Bas Flipsen; Joost Vogtlander. 2020. "Eco-Efficient Value Creation of Residential Street Lighting Systems by Simultaneously Analysing the Value, the Costs and the Eco-Costs during the Design and Engineering Phase." Energies 13, no. 13: 3351.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2019 in Sustainability
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The availability of resources is crucial for the socio-economic stability of our society. For more than two decades, there was a debate on how to structure this issue within the context of life-Cycle assessment (LCA). The classical approach with LCA is to describe “scarcity” for future generations (100–1000 years) in terms of absolute depletion. The problem, however, is that the long-term availability is simply not known (within a factor of 100–1000). Outside the LCA community, the short-term supply risks (10–30 years) were predicted, resulting in the list of critical raw materials (CRM) of the European Union (EU), and the British risk list. The methodology used, however, cannot easily be transposed and applied into LCA calculations. This paper presents a new approach to the issue of short-term material supply shortages, based on subsequent sudden price jumps, which can lead to socio-economic instability. The basic approach is that each resource is characterized by its own specific supply chain with its specific price volatility. The eco-costs of material scarcity are derived from the so-called value at risk (VAR), a well-known statistical risk indicator in the financial world. This paper provides a list of indicators for 42 metals. An advantage of the system is that it is directly related to business risks, and is relatively easy to understand. A disadvantage is that “statistics of the past” might not be replicated in the future (e.g., when changing from structural oversupply to overdemand, or vice versa, which appeared an issue for two companion metals over the last 30 years). Further research is recommended to improve the statistics.

ACS Style

Joost Vogtländer; David Peck; Dorota Kurowicka. The Eco-Costs of Material Scarcity, a Resource Indicator for LCA, Derived from a Statistical Analysis on Excessive Price Peaks. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2446 .

AMA Style

Joost Vogtländer, David Peck, Dorota Kurowicka. The Eco-Costs of Material Scarcity, a Resource Indicator for LCA, Derived from a Statistical Analysis on Excessive Price Peaks. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2446.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joost Vogtländer; David Peck; Dorota Kurowicka. 2019. "The Eco-Costs of Material Scarcity, a Resource Indicator for LCA, Derived from a Statistical Analysis on Excessive Price Peaks." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2446.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2019 in Sustainability
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Desulphurization of oil-based fuels is common practice to mitigate the ecological burden to ecosystems and human health of SOx emissions. In many countries, fuels for vehicles are restricted to 10 ppm sulphur. For marine fuels, low sulphur contents are under discussion. The environmental impact of desulphurization processes is, however, quite high: (1) The main current source for industrial hydrogen is Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), with a rather high level of CO2 emissions, (2) the hydrotreating process, especially below 150 ppm, needs a lot of energy. These two issues lead to three research questions: (a) What is the overall net ecological benefit of the current desulphurization practice? (b) At which sulfphur ppm level in the fuel is the additional ecological burden of desulphurization higher than the additional ecological benefit of less SOx pollution from combustion? (c) To what extent can cleaner hydrogen processes improve the ecological benefit of diesel desulphurization? In this paper we use LCA to analyze the processes of hydrotreatment, the recovery of sulphur via amine treating of H2S, and three processes of hydrogen production: SMR without Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), SMR with 53% and 90% CCS, and water electrolysis with two types of renewable energy. The prevention-based eco-costs system is used for the overall comparison of the ecological burden and the ecological benefit. The ReCiPe system was applied as well but appeared not suitable for such a comparison (other damage-based indicators cannot be applied either). The overall conclusion is that (1) the overall net ecological benefit of hydrogen-based Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel is dependent of local conditions, but is remarkably high, (2) desulphurization below 10 ppm is beneficial for big cities, and (3) cleaner production of hydrogen reduces eco-cost by a factor 1.8–3.4.

ACS Style

Roberta Olindo; Joost G. Vogtländer. The Role of Hydrogen in the Ecological Benefits of Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel Production and Use: An LCA Benchmark. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2184 .

AMA Style

Roberta Olindo, Joost G. Vogtländer. The Role of Hydrogen in the Ecological Benefits of Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel Production and Use: An LCA Benchmark. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2184.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberta Olindo; Joost G. Vogtländer. 2019. "The Role of Hydrogen in the Ecological Benefits of Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel Production and Use: An LCA Benchmark." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2184.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2018 in Sustainability
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Calculating the environmental benefits of energy saving systems in dwellings in a life cycle assessment (LCA) has two major issues, namely: how to deal with the customer behaviour and how to deal with rebound effects. Both issues are important for sustainable strategies. From a user-centred design perspective, two fundamentally different strategies are observed, namely: a ‘passive’ end-user, who invests in insulating the building and maintaining their preferred behaviour routines, versus an ‘active’ end-user; who must change his or her behaviour in order to save energy. A combined analysis of cost, (market) value, and eco-burden is used to compare and evaluate the two strategies; by applying the methods of eco-costs/value ratio (EVR) and eco-efficient value creation. Simulation software is applied to calculate the results for the active end-user approach (by means of home energy management systems [HEMS]). The energy savings for a passive user approach (applying thermal insulation) are calculated with straightforward heat loss calculations. The rebound effect of energy savings is taken into consideration. From the environmental point of view, the optimal insulation thickness is calculated, by comparing the energy savings with the environmental burden of the insulation materials. This analysis shows that HEMS are effective for poorly insulated houses, but not for well insulated houses. Governmental policies that focus only on insulation, however, lack the urgency of greenhouse gas reduction; the HEMS for existing houses is an indispensable tool for a fast transition to less domestic energy consumption.

ACS Style

Arno E. Scheepens; Joost G. Vogtländer. Insulation or Smart Temperature Control for Domestic Heating: A Combined Analysis of the Costs, the Eco-Costs, the Customer Perceived Value, and the Rebound Effect of Energy Saving. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3231 .

AMA Style

Arno E. Scheepens, Joost G. Vogtländer. Insulation or Smart Temperature Control for Domestic Heating: A Combined Analysis of the Costs, the Eco-Costs, the Customer Perceived Value, and the Rebound Effect of Energy Saving. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arno E. Scheepens; Joost G. Vogtländer. 2018. "Insulation or Smart Temperature Control for Domestic Heating: A Combined Analysis of the Costs, the Eco-Costs, the Customer Perceived Value, and the Rebound Effect of Energy Saving." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3231.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Although most people claim to prefer a more sustainable product, only a limited number of ‘green buyers’ act on their words at the moment of purchase. To find out how to get mainstream buyers to buy more sustainable products, we used data on 950 Western European buyers of 32 different vacuum cleaner models. The issue was why three out of four consumers bought a less sustainable high input power model when an energy-efficient model with equal specifications was also on offer at the same price. Only 6% of buyers bought their vacuum cleaner for environmental reasons. The remaining 94% of buyers stated that their purchase decision was mainly based on reliability, durability, key features, the brand and value for money, regardless of whether they bought an energy-efficient or -inefficient model. The 73% who bought energy-inefficient vacuum cleaners opted for heavier models (perceived as more robust) featuring bags for dust collection, and were more sensitive to messages addressing technological innovation. Beside energy-efficiency legislation, we see two options to encourage mainstream consumers to buy more energy-efficient products: (1) link technical advancement in innovation to lower power (‘we can create more suction with less energy’) in product branding, and (2) seduce mainstream consumers with models that are redesigned for performance, robustness and durability. With this quantitative consumer research, we add both to the knowledge of buying behaviour in terms of sustainability as well as to the knowledge on how to redesign and market green products in mainstream markets.

ACS Style

Mirjam Visser; Jan Schoormans; Joost Vogtländer. Consumer buying behaviour of sustainable vacuum cleaners - Consequences for design and marketing. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 195, 664 -673.

AMA Style

Mirjam Visser, Jan Schoormans, Joost Vogtländer. Consumer buying behaviour of sustainable vacuum cleaners - Consequences for design and marketing. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 195 ():664-673.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mirjam Visser; Jan Schoormans; Joost Vogtländer. 2018. "Consumer buying behaviour of sustainable vacuum cleaners - Consequences for design and marketing." Journal of Cleaner Production 195, no. : 664-673.

Book chapter
Published: 08 May 2015 in Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design
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It is the main task of a professional designer to create value for the users of the products, services, and systems they design. In Design for Sustainability, however, designers have a higher level of ambition: additional to a high consumer value, they make sure that designs result in less degradation of our environment, less depletion of materials, and more social equity in our world. The need for a higher level of prosperity for people in developing countries, in combination with the growing population in our world, emphasizes the need for sustainable products and services. Design for Sustainability combines a high customer value with a low level of eco-burden over the life cycle. This chapter summarizes the main current approaches to Design for Sustainability (cradle-to-cradle, Circular Economy, and Biomimicry) and some practical tools and checklists (EcoDesign, the LiDS Wheel, Design for Recycling, and Design for Disassembly) and describes the latest developments in quantitative assessment methods (“Fast Track” Life Cycle Assessment, Eco-efficient Value Creation, and design of Sustainable Product Service Systems). For the quantitative methods, real-life examples are given for design of luxurious products based on cork, packaging design of food products, and Sustainable Product Service System design of sustainable water tourism.

ACS Style

Renee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. Design for the Value of SustainabilitySustainability. Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design 2015, 513 -549.

AMA Style

Renee Wever, Joost Vogtländer. Design for the Value of SustainabilitySustainability. Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design. 2015; ():513-549.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. 2015. "Design for the Value of SustainabilitySustainability." Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design , no. : 513-549.

Book chapter
Published: 25 September 2014 in Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design
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It is the main task of a professional designer to create value for the users of the products, services, and systems they design. In Design for Sustainability, however, designers have a higher level of ambition: additional to a high consumer value, they make sure that designs result in less degradation of our environment, less depletion of materials, and more social equity in our world. The need for a higher level of prosperity for people in developing countries, in combination with the growing population in our world, emphasizes the need for sustainable products and services. Design for Sustainability combines a high customer value with a low level of eco-burden over the life cycle. This chapter summarizes the main current approaches to Design for Sustainability (cradle-to-cradle, Circular Economy, and Biomimicry) and some practical tools and checklists (EcoDesign, the LiDS Wheel, Design for Recycling, and Design for Disassembly) and describes the latest developments in quantitative assessment methods (“Fast Track” Life Cycle Assessment, Eco-efficient Value Creation, and design of Sustainable Product Service Systems). For the quantitative methods, real-life examples are given for design of luxurious products based on cork, packaging design of food products, and Sustainable Product Service System design of sustainable water tourism.

ACS Style

Renee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. Design for the Value of Sustainability. Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design 2014, 1 -31.

AMA Style

Renee Wever, Joost Vogtländer. Design for the Value of Sustainability. Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design. 2014; ():1-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renee Wever; Joost Vogtländer. 2014. "Design for the Value of Sustainability." Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design , no. : 1-31.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2013 in The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
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There are many recent proposals in life cycle assessment (LCA) to calculate temporary storage of carbon in bio-based products. However, there is still no consensus on how to deal with the issue. The main questions are: how do these proposals relate to each other, to what extent are they in line with the classical LCA method (as defined in ISO 14044) and the global mass balances as proposed by the IPCC, and is there really a need to introduce a discounting system for delayed CO2 emissions? This paper starts with an analysis of the widely applied specification of PAS 2050 and the ILCD Handbook, both specifying the credit for carbon sequestration as ‘optional’ in LCA. From this analysis, it is concluded that these optional calculations give rather different results compared to the baseline LCA method. Since these optional calculations are not fully in line with the global carbon mass balances, a new calculation method is proposed. To validate the new method, two cases (one on wood and one bamboo products) are given. These cases show the practical application and the consequences of the new approach. Finally, the main issue is evaluated and discussed: is it a realistic approach to allocate less damage to the same emission, when it is released later in time? This paper proposes a new approach based on the global carbon cycle and land-use change, translated to the level of individual products in LCA. It is argued that only a global growth of forest area and a global growth of application of wood in the building industry contribute to extra carbon sequestration, which might be allocated as a credit to the total market of wood products in LCA. This approach is different from approaches where temporary storage of carbon in trees is directly allocated to a product itself. In the proposed approach, there seems to be no need for a discounting system of delayed CO2 emissions. The advantage of wood and wood-based products can be described in terms of land-use change on a global scale in combination with a credit for heat recovery at the end-of-life (if applicable).

ACS Style

Joost G. Vogtländer; Natascha Maria van der Velden; Pablo van der Lugt. Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2013, 19, 13 -23.

AMA Style

Joost G. Vogtländer, Natascha Maria van der Velden, Pablo van der Lugt. Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2013; 19 (1):13-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joost G. Vogtländer; Natascha Maria van der Velden; Pablo van der Lugt. 2013. "Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 19, no. 1: 13-23.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2010 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Bamboo has some positive aspects compared to wood: This article is based on a bamboo species from China (Phyllostachys Pubescens, also called Moso), and its industrially processed products: Plybamboo and Strand Woven Bamboo. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used in this paper to compare the environmental impact of bamboo materials, shipped to Western Europe, with commonly used materials such as timber. The calculations are based on the LCI databases of Ecoinvent v2 (2008) and Idemat 2008, applied to the eco-costs 2007 method for LCIA. The annual yield of harvesting is calculated as well, and compared with other wood products. General conclusions are:

ACS Style

Joost Vogtländer; Pablo van der Lugt; Han Brezet. The sustainability of bamboo products for local and Western European applications. LCAs and land-use. Journal of Cleaner Production 2010, 18, 1260 -1269.

AMA Style

Joost Vogtländer, Pablo van der Lugt, Han Brezet. The sustainability of bamboo products for local and Western European applications. LCAs and land-use. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2010; 18 (13):1260-1269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joost Vogtländer; Pablo van der Lugt; Han Brezet. 2010. "The sustainability of bamboo products for local and Western European applications. LCAs and land-use." Journal of Cleaner Production 18, no. 13: 1260-1269.