Stent thrombosis is a rare but potentially fatal complication of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). In recent years, the predictive and prognostic value of the red cell distribution width (RDW) as an indicator of inflammation has been shown in many cardiovascular diseases. Aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of RDW for stent thrombosis in patients who underwent successful stent implantation for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In this retrospective study, 146 patients who underwent successful PCI to native coronary artery due to STEMI previously and presented with acute coronary syndrome with stent thrombosis were included (stent thrombosis group). A total of 175 patients who had similar procedural characteristics (type, diameter, and length of stent) and not had stent thrombosis were consisted control group. Patients were divided into tertiles according to the admission RDW values (12.9 ± 0.4, 14.2 ± 0.4, and 16.3 ± 1.5, respectively). Stent thrombosis developed in 47 (40.9%) patients in the lowest tertile, 39 (37.9%) patients in mid tertile, and 60 (58.3%) patients in the highest tertile (P = 0.006). Female gender ratio was statistically significantly higher in the 3rd tertile (13 [11.3%], 8 [7.8%], 24 [23.3%], P = 0.003, respectively). RDW (OR: 1.397 [95% CI 1.177–1.657], P < 0.001) and platelet count (OR: 1.008 [95% CI 1.004–1.012], P < 0.001) remained independent predictors of stent thrombosis after multivariate logistic regression analysis. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that, admission RDW values higher than 13.9 can predict the development of stent thrombosis with a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 52% (The area under the ROC curve: 0.59 [95% CI 0.53–0.65] P = 0.007). High RDW values found to be independently associated with the development of stent thrombosis in patients with STEMI.

In this study, we sought to assess the incidence and predictors of radial artery occlusion (RAO), which is a significant complication of transradial cardiac catheterization. We prospectively evaluated the results of 106 patients who underwent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the transradial approach (TRA). At the 3(rd) h of intervention, the radial artery was checked by palpation; color doppler ultrasonography was performed at the 24(th) h. Fluoroscopy duration, procedure success, and complications of the radial artery were recorded. The procedure was successfully completed in all patients. RAO was detected in eight female and two male patients. In terms of RAO, there was a statistically significant difference between males and females (p=0.019). Other parameters did not show a significant correlation with RAO. Altough did not have any effect on procedural success, eight patients developed transient radial artery spasm. Gender was not associated with radial arterial spasms (p=0.19). TRA in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease has shown high procedural success and low complication rates; it addition, it presents a low economic burden. It should be used widely and be involved in the routine cardiology residency program.

Endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 are discrete biomarkers associated with cardiovascular diseases and acting through different pathophysiological pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of high doses of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on serum endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Sixty-three patients with AMI were randomized to receive atorvastatin (80 mg/day) or rosuvastatin (40 mg/day) after percutaneous revascularization. Serum levels of endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 were evaluated at baseline and after 4-week therapy. Endocan levels were not decreased statistically significantly with atorvastatin 80 mg, but rosuvastatin 40 mg markedly decreased the levels of endocan according to baseline [from 110.27 (86.03-143.69) pg/mL to 99.22 (78.30-122.87) pg/mL with atorvastatin 80 mg and from 110.73 (77.28-165.22) pg/mL to 93.40 (70.48-115.13) pg/mL with rosuvastatin 40 mg, p=0.242 for atorvastatin 80 mg and p=0.014 for rosuvastatin 40 mg]. Chemerin levels significantly decreased in both groups according to baseline [from 264.90 (196.00-525.95) ng/mL to 135.00 (105.95-225.65) ng/mL with atorvastatin 80 mg and from 309.95 (168.87-701.27) ng/mL to 121.25 (86.60-212.65) ng/mL with rosuvastatin 40 mg, p<0.001, respectively, for both groups]. Galectin-3 levels did not change markedly with atorvastatin 80 mg, but they decreased with rosuvastatin 40 mg [from 17.00 (13.10-22.25) ng/mL to 19.30 (15.25-23.45) ng/mL with atorvastatin 80 mg, p=0.721, and from 18.25 (12.82-23.82) ng/mL to 16.60 (10.60-20.15) ng/mL with rosuvastatin 40 mg, p=0.074]. There were no significant between-group differences in terms of absolute and percentage changes of endocan, chemerin, and galectin-3 at 4 weeks. We reported that both statins similarly decreased the endocan levels, whereas rosuvastatin seems to have more prominent effects on the reduction of the chemerin and galectin-3 levels in patients with AMI.

The aim of this study was to assess the adherence to the current European Society of Cardiology dyslipidemia guidelines, the ratio of reaching target values according to risk groups, and the reasons for not reaching LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) goals in patients on already statin therapy in a cardiology outpatient population. The AIZANOI study is a multi-center, cross-sectional observational study including conducted in 9 cardiology centers between August 1, 2021, and November 1, 2021. A total of 1225 patients (mean age 62 ± 11 years, 366 female) who were already on statin therapy for at least 3 months were included. More than half (58.2%) of the patients were using high-intensity statin regimens. Only 26.2% of patients had target LDL-C level according to their risk score. Despite 58.4% of very high-risk patients and 44.4% of high-risk patients have been using a high-intensity statin regimen, only 24.5% of very-high-risk patients and only 34.9% of high-risk patients have reached guideline-recommended LDL-C levels. Most prevalent reason for not using target dose statin was physician preference (physician inertia) (40.3%). The AIZANOI study showed that we achieved a target LDL-C level in only 26.2% of patients using statin therapy. Although 58.4% of patients with a very high SCORE risk and 44.4% of patients with a high SCORE risk were using a target dose statin regimen, we were only able to achieve guideline-recommended LDL-C levels in 24.5% and 34.9% of them, respectively, in cardiology outpatients clinics. Physician inertia is one of the major factors in non-adherence to guidelines. These findings highlight that combination therapy is needed in most of the patients.

Background: Naples Prognostic Score (NPS), a composite index incorporating inflammatory and nutritional markers, has emerged as a potential prognostic tool in various cardiovascular conditions; however, no meta‐analysis has yet pooled the available evidence to comprehensively assess its prognostic utility. Objectives: To evaluate the association of NPS with clinical outcomes, including all‐cause mortality, in‐hospital mortality, no‐reflow (NR) phenomenon, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched for studies comparing high and low NPS groups in ACS patients undergoing PCI. Random‐effects models were used to pool risk ratios (RR) for binary outcomes and mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4, and R, version 4.2.2. Results: We included seven studies comprising 13 268 patients, with 5628 (42.4%) patients in the low NPS group. Low NPS was significantly associated with decreased all‐cause mortality (RR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.32–0.55; I² = 48%) and decreased incidence of NR (RR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.40–0.88; I² = 83%). Patients with low NPS also had higher LVEF (MD: −2.69%; 95% CI: −3.41 to −1.97; I² = 99%). No significant difference was observed in in‐hospital mortality (RR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.28–1.05; I² = 94%). Conclusion: In ACS patients undergoing PCI, elevated NPS was associated with worse clinical outcomes. These findings support the use of NPS as a practical, biomarker‐based tool for risk stratification in this population.

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have garnered growing attention for their potential to support medical education, including specialty areas li