Planetary health is a relatively new concept that has gained traction in recent years due to the urgent need to address the health of our planet and its inhabitants. It refers to the interdependent health of both humans and the environment, recognizing that the two are inseparable and that the health of one is intricately linked to the health of the other. This article aims to advocate changes in how health care for both the environment and humans is envisaged, and aligned with sustainable development goals using ethically sound, solution-oriented, and practical approaches to education. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth led to environmental degradation and climate change in this era. These factors have profound implications for human health, with the World Health Organization estimating that 23% of global deaths are linked to environmental factors. Climate change and extreme weather events are exacerbating existing health problems. Air pollution, water pollution, and toxic chemicals are additional environmental factors that add to it and lead to health issues, including non-communicable diseases and death. A collaborative and interdisciplinary approach is needed to address planetary health challenges, including working across sectors and investing in research to understand better the complex interactions between human health and the environment. By promoting sustainable development and protecting the planet’s health and inhabitants, we can ensure a healthy future for generations.

Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a valuable tool used in the diagnosis of small intestinal lesions. The study aims to systematically review the literature and provide a meta‐analysis of the diagnostic accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and negative and positive predictive values of AI‐assisted CE in the diagnosis of small bowel lesions in comparison to CE.Methods: Literature searches were performed through PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE to identify studies eligible for inclusion. All publications up to 24 November 2024 were included. Original articles (including observational studies and randomized control trials), systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, and case series reporting outcomes on AI‐assisted CE in the diagnosis of small bowel lesions were included. The extracted data were pooled, and a meta‐analysis was performed for the appropriate variables, considering the clinical and methodological heterogeneity among the included studies. Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis v4.0 (Biostat Inc.) was used for the analysis of the data.Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the present study. The mean age of participants across the studies was 54.3 years (SD 17.7), with 55.4% men and 44.6% women. The pooled accuracy for conventional CE was 0.966 (95% CI: 0.925–0.988), whereas for AI‐assisted CE, it was 0.9185 (95% CI: 0.9138–0.9233). Conventional CE exhibited a pooled sensitivity of 0.860 (95% CI: 0.786–0.934) compared with AI‐assisted CE at 0.9239 (95% CI: 0.8648–0.9870). The positive predictive value for conventional CE was 0.982 (95% CI: 0.976–0.987), whereas AI‐assisted CE had a PPV of 0.8928 (95% CI: 0.7554–0.999). The pooled specificity for conventional CE was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.996–0.999) compared with 0.5367 (95% CI: 0.5244–0.5492) for AI‐assisted CE. Negative predictive values were higher in AI‐assisted CE at 0.9425 (95% CI: 0.9389–0.9462) versus 0.760 (95% CI: 0.577–0.943) for conventional CE.Conclusion: AI‐assisted CE displays superior diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive values albeit the lower pooled specificity in comparison with conventional CE. Its use would ensure accurate detection of small bowel lesions and further enhance their management.

An abstract is unavailable. This article is available as a PDF only.

Background: Pneumonia is the most common respiratory tract infection among patients with diabetes, affecting individuals across all age groups and sexes. Objective: This study aims to examine demographic trends in mortality among patients diagnosed with both diabetes mellitus (DM) and pneumonia. Methods: Deidentified death certificate data for DM- and pneumonia-related deaths in adults aged 25 years and older from 1999 to 2022 were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 1,000,000 population were calculated. The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to evaluate annual percentage changes (APCs) in mortality trends, with statistical significance set at P<.05. This study adhered to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for reporting. Results: Between 1999 and 2022, a total of 425,777 deaths were recorded from DM and pneumonia. The overall AAMR declined significantly (P=.001) from 98.73 in 1999 to 49.17 in 2016 (APC –4.68), and then surged to 97.66 by 2022 (APC 23.55). Men consistently experienced higher mortality than women throughout the study period. Male AAMR rose from 62.61 in 2016 to 127.05 in 2022 (APC 24.88), while female AAMR increased from 41.05 in 2017 to 75.25 in 2022 (APC 27.60). Race-based analysis demonstrated that American Indian or Alaska Native populations had the highest mortality rates among racial groups. Non-Hispanic White individuals exhibited a significant decline in AAMR (P=.002) from 89.76 in 1999 to 44.19 in 2017 (APC −4.58), followed by an increase to 83.11 by 2022 (APC 25.25). Adults aged 65 years or older bore the highest mortality burden, with rates declining steadily to 206.9 in 2017 (APC –5.15) before rising sharply to 371.3 in 2022 (APC 20.01). Nonmetropolitan areas consistently exhibited higher mortality than metropolitan areas, with particularly steep increases after 2018 (APC 64.42). Type-specific mortality revealed that type 1 DM AAMRs declined from 9.2 in 1999 to 1.4 in 2015 (APC –11.94) before rising again. By contrast, type 2 DM AAMRs surged drastically after 2017, peaking at 62.2 in 2020 (APC 58.74) before partially declining to 41.6 by 2022. Conclusions: DM is associated with an increased risk of mortality following pneumonia, particularly among men, older adults, and American Indian populations. Strengthening health care interventions and policies is essential to curb the rising mortality trend in these at-risk groups.