Objective: To evaluate the accuracy, applicability, comprehensiveness, and communication quality of responses generated by ChatGPT and Google Gemini in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)-related scenarios, with the aim of assessing their potential utility as tools in patient management. Methods: Six case-based questions reflecting common patient concerns related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were developed byorthopedic specialists. Responses generated by ChatGPT and Google Gemini were independently evaluated by 61 orthopedic surgeons using a standardized rubric assessing accuracy, applicability, comprehensiveness, and communication clarity, each rated on a 1-5 Likert scale. Comparative analyses between platforms were performed using the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Additionally, open-ended feedback was collected to explore participants’ perspectives on the potential and limitations of AI-based consultations. Results: ChatGPT outperformed Google Gemini in terms of accuracy (P=.013) in postoperative care scenarios. The results for applicability (P=.119), comprehensiveness (P=.619), and communication (P=.240) were not statistically significant. Orthopedic specialists rated both AI models significantly higher than residents in accuracy, applicability, and comprehensiveness. Most evaluators acknowledged the potential of AI to reduce physician workload and support patient guidance; however, concerns were raised regarding reliability, ethical mplications, and the current limitations of AI in ensuring patient safety. Conclusion: ChatGPT and Google Gemini demonstrated moderate accuracy and communication quality in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis–related scenarios, with ChatGPT showing a modest advantage. Although both models show promising results as supportive tools for patient education and preliminary consultations, their current limitations in accuracy and comprehensiveness restrict their clinical reliability. Multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial to ensure e!ective applications of AI in orthopedic practice. Cite this article as: Yaş S, Yapar D, Yapar A, et al. Assessing the role of large language models in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis care: a comparison between ChatGPT and Google Gemini. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc., 2025;59(4):222-229.

Purpose: To compare clinical and functional outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using a minimally invasive pedicled quadriceps tendon (QT) or patella double tunnel technique with semitendinosus tendon (ST) graft in patients with recurrent patella dislocation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 51 patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction between 2014 and 2022, with a minimum 2‐year post‐operative follow‐up. Patients were grouped as QT ( n = 24) and ST ( n = 27), alongside a control group of 24 healthy individuals. Kujala, Lysholm and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were evaluated. Isokinetic tests at 60° angular velocity were performed to calculate the limb symmetry index (LSI) and hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio. Results: No significant differences were found between groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, time to surgery, or number of dislocations (n.s). Mean Kujala (QT: 89.2 ± 8.9, ST: 85.4 ± 11.4), Lysholm (QT: 90.6 ± 9.4, ST: 87.9 ± 10.7), and VAS (QT: 0.83 ± 1.3, ST: 0.9 ± 1.1) scores showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (n.s). Extension LSI was significantly higher in QT (92.2 ± 10.0%) than ST (81.4 ± 16.4%, p = 0.024), as was flexion LSI (QT: 94.2 ± 10.9%, ST: 83.3 ± 17.5%, p < 0.01). H/Q ratios showed no significant differences between operated and non‐operated sides (n.s). No redislocations or patellar fractures occurred. Apprehension signs were positive in two patients (7.4%) in ST and one patient (4.1%) in QT. Conclusion: MPFL reconstruction with both ST and pedicled QT grafts yields successful results in well‐selected patient groups. Unlike ST, reconstruction with QT results in extension and flexion strength in the operated extremity that is closer to the non‐operated side and to the healthy control group. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case–control study.

Joint Diseases and Related Surgery (JDRS), the official journal of the Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation, is an international, peer-reviewed, immediate open access journal. All published articles in JDRS has been free for everyone, without embargo, since 1990.