Background: Abnormal liver blood tests (LBTs) in hyperthyroid patients are not uncommonly encountered. One major adverse event of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy is drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Abnormal LBT in the hyperthyroidism scenario is a main diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. We aimed to assess the prevalence and the response to ATD therapy of LBT abnormalities in newly diagnosed and uncomplicated hyperthyroidism through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A literature search was performed reporting LBTs at presentation and after ATD therapy in hyperthyroid patients. A proportion meta-analysis was performed with random-effects model. Pooled data were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). I ² statistic index was used to quantify the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses for prevalence of hyperthyroid patients with at least one abnormal LBT were performed. p -Value of <0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: The literature search yielded 2286 studies, of which 25 were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence of untreated hyperthyroid and Graves' disease patients with at least one abnormal LBT was 55% ([CI 46–63%], I ² 96%) and 60% ([CI 53–67%], I ² 92%), respectively. The prevalence of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (BIL), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) abnormalities in hyperthyroid patients were 33% ([CI 24–44%], I ² 95%), 23% ([CI 17–29%], I ² 89%), 44% ([CI 35–52%], I ² 93%), 12% ([CI 7–20%], I ² 92%), and 24% ([CI 16–36%], I ² 95%), respectively. ATD therapy, along with euthyroidism restoration, was accompanied by normalization of LBT abnormalities in the following percentage of cases: ALT 83% ([CI 72–90%], I ² 46%), AST 87% ([CI 74–94%], I ² 2%), ALP 53% ([CI 32–73%], I ² 76%), BIL 50% (CI cannot be calculated), and GGT 70% ([CI 47–87%], I ² 74%). The sensitivity analyses showed similar results as those of the main analyses. The publication bias was not statistically significant for all outcomes, except for the prevalence of resolved BIL abnormalities that was not calculable. Conclusions: LBT abnormalities are common in newly diagnosed and untreated hyperthyroidism setting. A high chance of safely normalizing elevated transaminases, up to fivefold above the upper limit of normal, accompanies the use of ATDs in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

The Mediterranean diet, recognized as being cultural heritage by UNESCO, is mostly plant-based and includes a high consumption of whole-grain, fruit, and vegetables with a moderate consumption of alcohol during meals. Thus, it provides a small amount of saturated fatty acids and a high quantity of antioxidants and fiber. For this reason, it has been considered to have an important role in preventing cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer, but its relationship with thyroid function and diseases is still under debate. The aim of this review was to search for the possible correlation between the Mediterranean diet and thyroid function, and to critically evaluate the pathophysiological link between selected food intake and thyroid disorders.

Background/Objectives: Despite the recent advances in glucose-lowering therapy, achieving diabetes control remains challenging. With the advancing progress of innovative digital health technologies, management of diabetes is taking advantage from telehealth and telemedicine, which allow for remote assistance, virtual visits, and monitoring of diabetes-related parameters, and facilitate the exchange of documents and reports to support clinical decisions. We aim to provide an overview of the impact of telehealth and digital technologies on the care of people with diabetes, from therapeutic management to the assessment of complications. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed to assess the impact of digital technologies and telemedicine on diabetes care. Results: From the comprehensive PubMed search, 86 peer-reviewed studies were selected based on relevance, clinical significance, and methodological quality. The selected literature addressed digital health tools such as continuous glucose monitoring, connected insulin pens, automatic insulin delivery systems, mobile applications, and telemedicine systems. These interventions were associated with improved glycemic control (e.g., reduced HbA1c, increased time in range), better adherence to therapy, enhanced patient engagement, and more efficient management of complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: Telehealth may offer a fully patient-centered approach to disease management through a tailored individual management plan. This may lead to an improvement in adherence to proper therapy and lifestyle, resulting in a subsequent increase in the quality of life.