In many tumors including ovarian cancer, cell proliferation and apoptosis are important in pathogenesis and there are many alterations in most of the genes related to the cell cycle. This study was designed to evaluate immunohistochemistry with apoptotic-antiapoptotic proteins (p53, p21, bax, and bcl-2), c-kit, telomerase, and metallothionein as a diagnostic aid in typing of benign, borderline, and malignant serous and mucinous ovarian tumors.

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of Claudin-6 and trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) expression in serous ovarian carcinoma, assessing their influence on treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes. A retrospective cohort of 73 patients diagnosed with serous ovarian carcinoma was analyzed. All patients underwent standard cytoreductive surgery, with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression levels of Claudin-6 and Trop-2. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, with overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint. High Trop-2 expression was observed in 67.1% of the patients, while 46.6% exhibited high Claudin-6 expression. Both markers were more common in older, postmenopausal patients, those with larger tumors, and those with distant metastasis. However, no significant associations were found with clinical factors (P > .05). Survival analysis demonstrated that high Trop-2 and Claudin-6 expression were associated with shorter OS and progression-free survival (PFS). Patients with high Trop-2 expression exhibited a median OS of 38 months and PFS of 32 months, whereas those with low Trop-2 expression had a median OS of 62 months and PFS of 60 months (OS: P = .039, PFS: P = .020). Similarly, high Claudin-6 expression was associated with a median OS of 32 months and PFS of 21 months, compared to an OS of 60 months and PFS of 56 months in patients with low Claudin-6 expression (OS: P = .005, PFS: P = .003). Both univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that advanced age, and high Trop-2, and high Claudin-6 expression were significant predictors of poor OS and PFS (P < .05). These findings underscore the prognostic significance of Claudin-6 and Trop-2 in ovarian cancer, with elevated expression correlating with poorer survival outcomes. These markers may serve as independent prognostic factors, and their targeting through antibody–drug conjugates offers a potential therapeutic strategy to improve survival outcomes and overcome treatment resistance.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is a protooncogene encoded by ERBB2 on chromosome 17. ¹⁸Fluoridefluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) examination is frequently used to detect distant metastasis in gastric cancer imaging. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the data obtained in the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination and HER-2 expression status in patients with gastric cancer. A total of 115 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between 2016 and 2020, with HER-2 immunohistochemical followed by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination for staging purposes were included. HER-2 immunohistochemical examination revealed 71 patients (61.7%) with negative and 44 (38.3%) with positive results. The median maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max), mean standardized uptake value (SUV_mean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) values of patients positive with HER-2 were 9.95, 5, 30.44, and 139.16, respectively, whereas patients negative with HER-2 were 9.3,5.4,36.62, and 190.424, respectively (p>0.05). The median cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels of patients positive with HER-2 was 33.52, whereas 11.79 in those who were negative (p=0.016). The mean age was 69.3±9.35 years in patients with distant metastases, whereas 65.2±10.9 in those without distant metastases (p=0.042). Median SUV_max and SUV_mean values in patients with distant metastases were 11.1 and 6.3, respectively, and 8.2 and 4.5 in those without distant metastases (p=0.002 and p=0.001, respectively). The median CA 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in patients with distant metastases were 31.34 and 9.20, respectively, whereas those without distant metastases were 11.55 and 2.26, respectively (p=0.011 and p=0.001, respectively). In our study, no statistically significant difference was found in terms of HER-2 status, SUV_max, SUV_mean, MTV, TLG, distant metastasis, presence of lymph node metastasis, age, gender, tumor diameter, grade, and localization, and CEA levels in patients with gastric cancer. A statistically significant difference was found between HER-2 status and CA 19-9 levels. A statistically significant relationship was found between distant metastases in the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination and SUV_max, SUV_mean, age, CEA levels, and histopathologic diagnosis; however, the relationship between distant metastasis in the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan and MTV, TLG, tumor diameter, localization, and grade was not statistically significant.

Gastric teratomas are rare intra-abdominal tumors. They are frequently seen in the neonatal period. A palpable mass is the most common clinical sign. Although radiologic imaging plays a role in diagnosis, in most cases the final diagnosis is made by histopathologic examination. In this report, we present a newborn male patient diagnosed with immature gastric teratoma. A male infant was referred to the clinic due to bloating and a palpable abdominal mass. Ultrasonography revealed a complex solid cystic mass in the abdominal and pelvic region. Magnetic resonance imaging was recommended. MRI revealed a multilocular, multiseptated, complex lesion. Given the radiologic findings, a gastric teratoma was suspected. The patient underwent surgery. On histopathologic examination, an immature grade 3 teratoma was diagnosed. Gastric teratomas are extremely rare tumors and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses during the neonatal and infant period.

Meningiomas are usually slow-growing grade 1 tumors according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Histological and molecular criterias were defined for the determination of meningiomas of high grade and more aggressive. The proliferation activity is also considered among histopathological criterias. A commonly used parameter for determining proliferation activity is the Ki-67 index. This study was formed retrospectively to identife the positivity limit (cut-off) value of the Ki-67 proliferation index in cases diagnosed with meningioma. The Ki-67 indices of a total 190 patients diagnosed with meningioma was compared with the histological degrees of the tumors. The ROC analysis method was used in the statistical analysis for Ki-67 values. The mean Ki-67 proliferation index was found to be 3% for grade 1, 8% for grade 2 and 17% for grade 3 in the cases diagnosed with meningioma in our center. The Ki-67 proliferation index, which can be used in addition to histopathological findings in the distinction of grade 1 and grade 2 meningiomas in our laboratory, was determined as a positivity limit value of 6,5 (p>0,05).

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Prostat Spesifik Antijen ekspresyonunu proliferatif endometriyum, endometriyal hiperplazi ve endometriyum kanseri dokularında immünhistokimyasal olarak araştırmak ve kıyaslamaktır.Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Endometrioid tip Endometrial Karsinom tanısı almış 31, Endometriyal Hiperplazi tanısı almış 29 ve Proliferatif Endometriyum tanısı almış 28 olmak üzere toplam 88 olguya ait histerektomi materyali araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Her olguda patolojiyi en iyi gösteren bir parafin blok prostat spesifik antijen ile immünhistokimyasal boyama için kullanılmıştır. Pozitif boyanan hücre sayısı ve boyanma yoğunluğu semikantitatif olarak belirlenmiştir. Her bir vaka için iki parametre çarpılarak 0 ile 12 arası nihai puan elde edilmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan toplam 88 histerektomi materyalinin 70’inde (%79.5) PSA ekspresyonu olduğu görülmüştür. İmmünhistokimyasal boyanma puanlarına bakıldığında proliferatif endometriyum ortalama puanın 3,4±3, Endometriyal hiperplazi grubunda 4,1±3,Endometriyum kanseri grubunda 2,2±3 olduğu görülmüştür. Grupların boyanma puanları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Karsinom grubunda hastalığın evresi ve grade’i PSA ekspresyonu açısından farklılık göstermemektedir. Sonuç: Çalışmamız Prostat spesifik antijenin endometriyum dokusunda yüksek oranda eksprese olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu ekspresyon endometriyal patolojiler arasında istatistiksek olarak anlamlı fark kazanmamaktadır ve PSA’nın endometriyal karsinom ile ilişkili olmadığını işaret etmektedir.