Background: In order to assess the impact of the different groups of agricultural pesticides used in Côte d'Ivoire on the increase of mosquitoes resistance to insecticides, the expression profiles of 7 P450 cytochromes and one GSTE2 of Anopheles gambiae involved in mosquito resistance to insecticides were studied. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of short exposure of mosquito larvae to different groups of agricultural pesticides on mosquito resistance. Methods: Three groups of pesticides were selected: (i) agricultural insecticide solutions, (ii) none-insecticide pesticide solutions (a mixture of herbicides and fungicides), and (iii) a mixture of the first two. A fourth non-pesticide solution was used as a control. Four groups of each stage 2 larvae (strain Kisumu, male and female) were exposed to 20% concentrated solution for 24 hours. Susceptibility tests for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Deltamethrin were carried out on adults aged 2-5 days. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to quantify the expression of eight metabolic genes involved in mosquito resistance to insecticides. Results: Susceptibility to DDT showed a similar increase in the time required to knock down 50% of mosquitoes (kdt50) in l colonies exposed to insecticides and none-insecticides compared to the control colony. As for deltamethrin, kdt50 was higher in the colonies exposed to insecticides and the pesticide mixture compared to the colony exposed to none-insecticides. Of all the genes studied in all colonies, except for CYP6P1 induced only in the colony consisting of the pesticide mixture, no genes were induced. Conclusions: This study confirmed that induction is influenced by the duration, the concentration of the solution and the type of xenobiotic used as an inducer. The overexpression of CYP6P1 confirmed the inductive effect that a short exposure of mosquito larvae to agricultural pesticides could have.

This study investigated the effect of genotype on carcass characteristics of chickens reared under a semi-intensive system in Côte d’Ivoire. Four genetic types were compared: local chickens from forest and savannah zones, slow-growing Label chickens, and fast-growing industrial broiler chickens. Eighty-six birds were reared under standardized conditions of feeding, housing, and health management. The parameters evaluated included live body weight, carcass weights, edible and non-edible offal, anatomical cuts, lipid deposition, and carcass yield. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Genotype significantly affected most of the parameters measured (p < 0.05). Label and local chickens, slaughtered at 22 weeks of age, exhibited higher live body weights and carcass weights than broiler chickens slaughtered at 6.5–7 weeks of age. Broilers showed proportionally greater lipid deposition, whereas slow-growing genotypes exhibited a more balanced development of internal organs and skeletal structures. Carcass yield did not differ significantly among genotypes. No significant differences were observed between the Forest and Savannah local ecotypes. These results confirm the zootechnical potential of Ivorian local chickens and highlight their relevance for the development of sustainable poultry production systems adapted to tropical conditions.

Background: In order to assess the impact of the different groups of agricultural pesticides used in Côte d'Ivoire on the increase of mosquitoes resistance to insecticides, the expression profiles of 7 P450 cytochromes and one GSTE2 of Anopheles gambiae involved in mosquito resistance to insecticides were studied. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of short exposure of mosquito larvae to different groups of agricultural pesticides on mosquito resistance. Methods: Three groups of pesticides were selected: (i) agricultural insecticide solutions, (ii) non-insecticide pesticide solutions (a mixture of herbicides and fungicides), and (iii) a mixture of the first two. A fourth non-pesticide solution was used as a control. Four groups of each stage 2 larvae (strain Kisumu, male and female) were exposed to 20% concentrated solution for 24 hours. Susceptibility tests for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Deltamethrin were carried out on adults aged 2-5 days. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to quantify the expression of eight metabolic genes involved in mosquito resistance to insecticides. Results: Susceptibility to DDT showed a similar increase in the time required to knock down 50% of mosquitoes (kdt50) in l colonies exposed to insecticides and non-insecticides compared to the control colony. As for deltamethrin, kdt50 was higher in the colonies exposed to insecticides and the pesticide mixture compared to the colony exposed to non-insecticides. Of all the genes studied in all colonies, except for CYP6P1 induced only in the colony consisting of the pesticide mixture, no genes were induced. Conclusions: This study confirmed that induction is influenced by the duration, the concentration of the solution and the type of xenobiotic used as an inducer. The overexpression of CYP6P1 confirmed the inductive effect that a short exposure of mosquito larvae to agricultural pesticides could have.

Rays and sharks are increasingly at risk of extinction due to anthropogenic pressures, including industrial fishing, bycatch and habitat degradation, and climate change. Their slow life histories and challenges in accurate species identification further hinder effective conservation. This study focused on ray and shark species along the coast of Côte d’Ivoire, aiming to achieve more accurate taxonomic resolution to improve specimen identification. To achieve this, we employed an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological analyses and genetic data from two mitochondrial markers: COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and NADH2 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2), in order to describe the diversity of elasmobranchs landed, identify potential species complexes requiring further investigation, and assess the vulnerability of the captured elasmobranchs. Our study included 220 specimens of rays and sharks collected from 11 landing sites between February 2022 and September 2024. Sequence analysis revealed 32 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 11 of which were newly recorded in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). Several unidentified genetic lineages were detected, suggesting the presence of cryptic species, misidentified taxa or potential undescribed species, including Torpedo cf. torpedo, Aetomylaeus cf. bovinus, Gymnura cf. sereti, Raja cf. miraletus, and Squalus cf. blainville. Notably, most of the identified species are listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive taxonomic evaluations and reassessments of conservation statuses, while also highlighting the importance of incorporating molecular tools into national fisheries monitoring and management strategies.