Sediment management is defined as the strategic monitoring and control of erosion, transport, and deposition processes to maintain environmental and infrastructural stability. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has emerged as a critical high-precision technology for monitoring sediment dynamics, erosion processes, and geomorphic change detection across diverse environments, including riverine, coastal, watershed, and infrastructure-related landscapes. While the field of TLS technology has seen significant advancements in recent years, including improvements in data accuracy, enhanced operational performance, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning-based processing, and integration with other remote sensing tools such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellite light detection and ranging (LiDAR), the study has focused on these developments. These advancements have further extended the application prospects of TLS technology. Despite these advancements, there remains a crucial need to systematically identify global research trends to identify the effectiveness, limitations, and knowledge gaps of TLS in sediment management. The methodological advantages and challenges of TLS applications provide insights into its gradual development role in enhancing sediment monitoring and environmental resilience. The objective of this study is to synthesize the current state of sediment management by conducting a systematic review of 108 peer-reviewed research papers retrieved from academic databases, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, from 28 countries, published between 2000 and 2025. The study will evaluate the effectiveness of TLS methodologies in comparison to conventional techniques and management procedures, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It will examine their capacity to enhance measurement accuracy, reduce error margins, and improve structural guidelines, particularly by advancing TLS technology through the integration of AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms. The findings of the study indicate that TLS and Iterative Closest Point (ICP) techniques can enhance the analysis of 3D models of dam deformation, ensuring improved structural monitoring and safety. The findings offer insights into the evolving role of TLS in sediment monitoring, emphasizing its potential for enhancing environmental management and climate resilience strategies. Furthermore, this review identifies future research directions to optimize TLS applications in sediment management through interdisciplinary approaches.

The recent emergence of seasonal waterlogging in urban areas of Bangladesh has had a significant impact on the daily lives of urban dwellers, posing substantial challenges to their livelihoods. This study investigated how seasonal waterlogging affected sustainable livelihood capitals in the Barishal City Corporation (BCC) area and provided a comprehensive assessment of livelihood vulnerability. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 100 respondents using an indicator-based questionnaire informed by respondents’ lived experiences, and the data were statistically analyzed to derive livelihood vulnerability indices. Results demonstrate that the study area is highly susceptible to waterlogging, as the Total Livelihood Vulnerability Index (TVI) of the Barishal City Corporation area stands at 0.58. In the study area, the vulnerability indices differ across the five livelihood capitals, with physical capital being the most susceptible capital, accompanied by social capital, while natural capital is comparatively less vulnerable. The findings further revealed that the livelihood vulnerability varies according to the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents and is largely driven by inadequate drainage systems, poor road conditions, and ineffective canal management. Overall, the study provides rigorous information on livelihood vulnerability associated with seasonal waterlogging and offers policy recommendations for enhancing resilience in waterlogging-prone urban environments.

The present study was conducted in Dacope Upazila, a sub-district located within the Khulna District of the coastal region in Bangladesh. The research methods employed included the implementation of 350 household questionnaire surveys (HQSs), 12 focus group discussions (FGDs), and 20 key informant interviews (KIIs) to assess economic security status in disaster-vulnerable areas. The findings indicate that the economic well-being of the region is precarious due to a paucity of revenue sources and the occurrence of various calamitous events, induced risks, and vulnerabilities. To achieve long-term economic security for households, a considerable proportion of the population (approximately 22%) in the study areas is dependent on agricultural activities for their livelihoods. The study also revealed that approximately 22% of households in the study areas reported experiencing salinity intrusion. Furthermore, most of the households, around 68%, reported cyclones as their primary obstacle to building disaster-resilient communities. Consequently, the prevailing local and institutional strategies to ensure economic security were found to be inadequate and unsustainable in the study upazila. Therefore, the study resulted in the formulation of a conceptual framework intended to measure the contribution of economic security to the adaptability and sustainability of disaster-resilient communities in vulnerable coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Kuakata Municipality, located in the Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali district, has become increasingly vulnerable to the adverse health impacts of climate change. Owing to its unique topography and coastal setting, the area is highly exposed to natural disasters, which intensify existing environmental and health-related risks. Growing scientific evidence shows that climate change is accelerating, contributing to significant ecological disturbances and posing serious challenges to human well-being. Against this backdrop, the present study investigates community-level perceptions and knowledge gaps concerning climate change and its associated health impacts in Kuakata Municipality. The primary objectives of the study were to assess residents’ understanding of how climate change affects human health and to identify possible strategies for minimizing these impacts. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as the main data collection tool, supported by key informant interviews and focus group discussions to ensure the validity of findings and capture diverse community perspectives. The results indicate that climate change has a pronounced influence on human health in Kuakata. Commonly reported climate-sensitive illnesses include diarrhea, skin diseases, headaches, malnutrition, stroke, and hypertension. Climate-induced environmental changes have also contributed to declining agricultural yields, fish populations, and livestock production, which indirectly intensify health vulnerabilities by undermining food security and household livelihoods. A particularly alarming finding relates to the health risks faced by pregnant women, who exhibit heightened susceptibility to complications such as hypertension, premature births, and other climate-related stressors. The study further reveals that while indigenous knowledge and traditional practices are used in some communities to manage climate-related health issues, overall resilience remains limited due to inadequate awareness and insufficient adaptive capacity. Local government initiatives such as training programs and health awareness campaigns have played a positive role in reducing health risks and improving community coping mechanisms. Encouragingly, younger generations demonstrate a higher level of awareness and a stronger ability to adapt compared to earlier generations. Despite these improvements, significant challenges persist. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, ensuring access to quality medical services and enhancing community awareness are critical for reducing climate-induced health risks. A comprehensive approach that integrates community participation, indigenous knowledge, and effective government interventions is essential for safeguarding the health and well-being of vulnerable populations in this climate-sensitive region.