The rapid development of microfluidics has driven innovations in material engineering, particularly through its ability to precisely manipulate fluids and cells at microscopic scales. Microfluidic biomaterials, a cutting-edge interdisciplinary field integrating microfluidic technology with biomaterials science, are revolutionizing biomedical research. This review focuses on the functional design and fabrication of organ-on-a-chip (OoAC) platforms via 3D bioprinting, explores the applications of biomaterials in drug delivery, cell culture, and tissue engineering, and evaluates the potential of microfluidic systems in advancing personalized healthcare. We systematically analyze the evolution of microfluidic materials—from silicon and glass to polymers and paper—and highlight the advantages of 3D bioprinting over traditional fabrication methods. Currently, despite significant advances in microfluidics in medicine, challenges in scalability, stability, and clinical translation remain. The future of microfluidic biomaterials will depend on combining 3D bioprinting with dynamic functional design, developing hybrid strategies that combine traditional molds with bio-printed structures, and using artificial intelligence to monitor drug delivery or tissue response in real time. We believe that interdisciplinary collaborations between materials science, micromachining, and clinical medicine will accelerate the translation of organ-on-a-chip platforms into personalized therapies and high-throughput drug screening tools.

Global population growth, intensifying climate change, and escalating food security demands are mounting. In response, modern agriculture must transcend the limitations of traditional experience-based cultivation models to address issues such as low resource utilization, poor environmental adaptability, and significant yield fluctuations. As the core technical support of smart agriculture, agricultural sensors have become the key to transformation. This review systematically introduces the classification and working principles of current mainstream agricultural sensors: according to the monitoring parameters, they can be divided into humidity sensors, light sensors, gas sensors, pressure sensors, nutrient sensors, etc. At the same time, breakthroughs in emerging technologies such as microneedle sensing, nanosensing, and wireless sensor networks are being explored, which are breaking the application limitations of traditional sensors in complex agricultural environments. Combined with specific cases, the practical value of sensor technology is improving in agricultural drought monitoring, soil detection, and agricultural product quality assessment. Looking ahead, if agricultural sensors can overcome existing limitations through breakthroughs in material innovation, multi-sensor unit integration, and artificial intelligence algorithm fusion, this will provide stronger technological support for the further advancement of smart agriculture.