Smart cities are technologically advanced urban environments where interconnected systems and data-driven technologies enhance public service delivery and quality of life. These cities rely on information and communication technologies, the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, and other Industry 4.0 tools to support efficient city management and foster citizen engagement. Often referred to as digital cities, they integrate intelligent infrastructures and real-time data analytics to improve mobility, security, and sustainability. Ubiquitous sensors, paired with Artificial Intelligence, enable cities to monitor infrastructure, respond to residents’ needs, and optimize urban conditions dynamically. Given the increasing significance of Industry 4.0 in urban development, this study adopts a bibliometric approach to systematically review the application of these technologies within smart cities. Utilizing major academic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science the research aims to identify the primary Industry 4.0 technologies implemented in smart cities, assess their impact on infrastructure, economic systems, and urban communities, and explore the challenges and benefits associated with their integration. The bibliometric analysis included publications from 2016 to 2023, since the emergence of urban researchers’ interest in the technologies of the new industrial revolution. The task is to contribute to a deeper understanding of how smart cities evolve through the adoption of advanced technological frameworks. Research indicates that IoT and AI are the most commonly used tools in urban spaces, particularly in smart mobility and smart environments.

Głównym celem prezentowanego badania było określenie, jaka jest zależność między samooceną studentów a ich gotowością do rozwiązywania problemów. Sprawdzono również, czy zmienne te są różnicowane przez rodzaj studiowanego kierunku (ścisły vs społeczno-humanistyczny), status na rynku pracy (pracujący vs niepracujący) oraz płeć (kobieta vs mężczyzna). Wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. W celu zebrania niezbędnych danych zastosowano Skalę Samooceny M. Rosenberga oraz Skalę Gotowości do Rozwiązywania Problemów autorstwa K. Tomczak i A. Franczyk. W badaniu wzięło udział 263 studentów dwóch opolskich uczelni. Wiek respondentów mieścił się w przedziale od 18 do 35 lat. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na istotną umiarkowaną dodatnią korelację między samooceną a gotowością do rozwiązywania problemów. Ponadto ustalono, iż studentów kierunków ścisłych cechuje wyższa samoocena oraz większa gotowość do rozwiązywania problemów niż studentów kierunków społeczno-humanistycznych. Co więcej, istotnie wyższą samoocenę od studentów niepracujących, posiadają studenci łączący studia z pracą zawodową. Czynnikiem istotnie różnicującym wyniki studentów okazała się również płeć. U mężczyzn odnotowano wyższą samoocenę i gotowość do rozwiązywania problemów, niż u kobiet.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to present the preliminary research findings concerning the expectations towards international study visits undertaken by university students hailing from different higher education institutions around Europe on the canvas of internationalization as a concept. Methodology: The research was carried out on a group of 440 students from 5 European countries. The study covered the population of students of faculties whose graduates are preparing to work in business. The basic research tool was a questionnaire with dominating closed questions and the possibility for respondents to indicate more than one answer. The answers of the respondents were measured using a five-point Likert scale with a variable description of the minimum and maximum point value. When analyzing the data, descriptive statistics were used. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in mean ranks across attribute ratings. Findings: The results highlight significant common features of students’ expectations towards international mobility programs: personal development orientation, interest in contact with employers and professional environment, willingness to try themselves in new challenges by developing creative and communication skills in an international environment. Value Added: This article is an important voice on the impact of mobility programs on the competencies development of future graduates. The final results of the research can be used to improve the mobility and educational programs offered by universities which equip their students with major skills, knowledge and attitudes in the future workplace. Recommendations: The highest-valued components of international study visits do not fully reflect the expectations of employers, and the study of the reasons for these discrepancies, as well as reflection on how to minimize them in the process of academic teaching, remain a significant challenge for the practice of building competencies sought in the labour market.

Współczesne miasta mierzą się z wieloma wyzwaniami, wśród których kluczową rolę odgrywają rosnąca przez wiele lat urbanizacja, zanieczyszczenie środowiska,

Global character of supply chains imposes on its participants contacts in highly differentiated cultural context. Culturally-led background of business models results in different practices in everyday management of operations in supply chains, among others also in differences in financial management. To be prepared for the cooperation in other cultural milieu, supply chain managers need to be aware of those differences, and to acquire the cross-cultural competence in the financial domain. Three mains culturally formed models of supply chain financing: Chinese, Muslim and European need to be understand and cross-culturally applied to enhance the ability of supply chain managers to support successfully in the international exchange. The text aims to describe the aforementioned models and to explain its consequences for supply chain financing.