Achieving green economic growth requires enterprises to develop and promote green products that balance environmental protection, intensive resource utilization, and sustainable development. However, under the externality assumption, the green market is often faced with the challenge of insufficient supply. Based on 2004–2018 panel data covering regional industrial enterprises in 30 provinces in China, this study empirically tests the composite driving mechanism of the effect of an increase in the regional green production capacity, organizational factors, and environmental policies on the green product innovation (GPI) of regional export-oriented industrial enterprises (REIEs). This study finds that the increase in regional green production capacity directly drives an improvement in REIEs’ GPI level, that the regional green technology level and degree of human capital accumulation are indirect driving channels between capacity increases and product innovation, and that environmental regulations and green credit have a positive moderating effect on the influence of increasing green production capacity on GPI. Further threshold regression analysis reveals that increasing green production capacity, foreign direct investment, digitization, and trade openness have an inverted U-shaped promoting effect on GPI and that the proportion of local government expenditure shows a diminishing marginal utility effect on GPI.

China’s cross-border e-commerce industry presents the development trend as the service industry clusters, and interacts closely with the traditional manufacturing clusters. However, the mechanism for the coordinated evolution of the two kinds of clusters is not clear yet. This paper defines the cross-border e-commerce and the manufacturing cluster under collaboration as a complex socio-economic adaptation system that includes manufacturers, service providers, government behaviors and market demands. An agent-based collaborative model is designed by three types of agents and four driving interaction mechanisms, then the co-evolution mechanisms are observed and discussed in the process of dynamic evolution. Based on the rationality and feasibility of the model, the research explored the trend of co-evolution through scenario simulations and analysis, improved the mechanisms of co-evolution, and pointed out that cross-border e-commerce is one of the ways to transform and upgrade the manufacturing cluster. The conclusion of the study provides evolutionary ideas for export-oriented industrial clusters to coordinate with the cross-border e-commerce.

Introduction: The comprehensive connectivity brought about by globalization and the health of local populations exhibit a contradictory relationship, which has become increasingly complex, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to introduce a new perspective of economic complexity to explore the complex relationship between globalization and population health at the economic level.Methods: Using an unbalanced panel dataset from 179 countries/regions between 1995 and 2021, this study investigates the mechanisms and contextual conditions linking globalization to population health from the perspective of economic complexity.Results: Our results suggest that globalization is generally associated with improved health outcomes, whereas economic globalization, when viewed in a subdimensional manner, shows a negative correlation with population health. By framing economic complexity as a proxy variable for local production capacity or industrial structure, this study offers preliminary evidence on how globalization interacts with structural economic factors to shape health outcomes. Specifically, considering the economic structure as an influence channel, economic complexity plays a mechanistic role in the relationship between globalization and health, with higher complexity outlook levels potentially strengthening the positive association.Discussion: These findings, while subject to the limitations of cross-country aggregated data, provide insights for policymakers to balance global integration with health system preparedness.