The integration of disposable magnetic filters in combination with functionalized magnetic particles represents a fast and cost‐effective alternative for enzyme purification in comparison to solid/liquid separation by means of centrifugation followed by chromatographic purification. The main advantage of the particle‐based process is the solid/solid/liquid separation in one step combined with disposable equipment. Furthermore this combination provides the possibility to also process biocatalytic reactions in cell‐containing media into disposable equipment with preimmobilized enzymes onto the magnetic particles. The focus of the presented study is on the design and performance of a disposable filtration unit consisting of a plastic bag with an inlet and outlet and a stainless steel filter matrix. During magnetic separation, the magnetic particles selectively retard at the filter matrix due to the magnetic force, which counteracts the drag force. It was found that the length of a lengthwise aligned filter matrix should be longer than the magnetic pole surfaces in fluid flow direction. Hereby, a filtration capacity of 5.6 g magnetic particles was measured with a loss of below 0.5%. Introducing a two‐phase flow optimizes the cleaning of the bag after a magnetic filtration. The procedure offered a high cleaning efficiency. Herewith, the cleaned filter unit could be discarded with minimum losses of product and magnet particles.
Background: Nitrosamines have gained significant attention in the pharmaceutical industry. However, due to the significant daily dosage of large volume parenteral (LVP), the detection limit for these products should be in the ng per liter range, which many published methods cannot achieve. Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of several nitrosamines in LVP drug products. Method: Nitrosamines and related internal standards were separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) column on a LC-MS/MS system with gradient elution. Prior to the LC injection, a Carbon A solid phase extraction (SPE) column was used to pretreat the test solutions. The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase A, and neat methanol as mobile phase B. Analytes were detected via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantitated against internal reference standards with a quantitation limit of 2.5 ng/L for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), 0.75 ng/L for other nitrosamine analytes. Results: The LC-MS/MS method was able to separate all analytes of interest by gradient elution within 15 min. The method was validated according to the guidelines described in the International Conference on Harmonization guideline ICH Q2(R2). The LOQ for NDMA is 2.5 ng/L, while for other nitrosamines, it is 0.75 ng/L in peritoneal dialysis and saline matrices. For haemofiltration solution, the LOQ is 1.0 ng/L for NDMA and 0.3 ng/L for other nitrosamines. The RSD% (n = 9) of the recovery did not exceed 25% in the method accuracy evaluation. Comparative testing in three laboratories revealed that all three laboratories are capable of accurately measuring nitrosamine levels at 10 ng/L within the intricate LVP matrix. Conclusions: The LC-MS/MS method for several nitrosamines was successfully developed, validated, and demonstrated to be accurate, robust, and specific. Highlights: The performance of this method can reach single-digit ng/L level in LVP matrices. Comparative testing was conducted in three laboratories located in China, Germany, and the United States to ensure reproducibility of the method.