Background: Hydrotherapy according to Halliwick concept is a physiotherapeutic intervention technique for disabled patients and for children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Assessing the balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is an extremely complex process and more difficult to evaluate the results of some therapeutic interventions in these patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Halliwick based Hydrotherapy on the support base in children with CP. Several studies have proven the beneficial effects of hydrotherapy in the respiratory system of children, but few are studies that report the effect on the balance of children with CP.Methods: The study involved 16 children diagnosed with CP. The 10 children were following a Halliwick Concept hydrotherapy program and the 6 children classical physiotherapy program for 3 months. Their balance was assessed with the Berg, GMFM, and footprint plate. The assessment was performed at the start of the program (pre-test) and after 3 months (post-test).Results: Τhere is a statistically significant change between the 1st and 2nd measurement with the BERG and GMFM tools and better for the water intervention group. The change in the support base between the 1st and 2nd measurement was better in the water intervention group but not statistically significant.Conclusions: The results of the study showed that hydrotherapy according to Halliwick has positive effects on gross mobility and the balance of children with CP. It also appears to have a positive effect on changing the support base compared to classical physiotherapy.

Background: There has been a rise in the proliferation of technological devices across the globe. Many children use electronic devices from the age of 3 years old, especially mobile phones. The prolonged use of electronic devices has led to a distortion of body posture, leading to musculoskeletal disorders, including neck, thoracic, and back pain, and tendonitis of the upper extremities, primarily when using one hand. Methods: To prove the positive correlation between technology and musculoskeletal disorders and to answer the above questions, an online questionnaire was distributed to 120 students of high school from all over Greece. The questionnaire comprises questions from two standardized questionnaires, the internet addiction test (IAT) and the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NQS). In addition, respondents completed a medical history and supplementary questions about their physical condition and their attitudes when using electronic devices. Results: The results show that there is a positive correlation between long-term use of electronic devices and the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems in all parts of the body (neck, chest, lower back, hip, and lower extremities), as well as students who chose the wrong postures, had much more symptoms in contrast to the students who chose the positions with the greatest alignment. Finally, physical activity decreased significantly as the respondents' hours of using electronic devices increased. Conclusions: Uncontrolled use of electronic devices can be a factor in the onset of symptoms, but adopting correct posture while using the devices and the good physical condition of the students would significantly reduce pain.

Background: Halliwick concept focus on people with disabilities, to participate in water activities and move independently. Many studies found a considerable improvement and positive outcomes in children that were included in hydrotherapy programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the Halliwick hydrotherapy in combination with on-land intervention, versus only on-land treatment, on the supine-sitting transition and head symmetry.Methods: 54 children with cerebral palsy (CP), two groups, the intervention group-water (N=28) (1 water and 1 on land treatment) and the control group-on land (N=26) (2 treatments on land). The duration was 3 months and the assessment via gross motor function measure (GMFM), parameter B, questions 18-37, and head angle via the Kinovea software.Results: In GMFM before intervention the mean value of the intervention group was 69.632 (±13.1269), while for the control group was 61.227 (±20.4681) and after for intervention group was 75.757 (±12.3766), 6.125% improvement, while for control group was 65.308 (±20.6663), 4.081% improvement. In the sitting head angle before intervention, the mean value of intervention group was 19.36 (±9.639) while for the control group was 20.15 (± 11.199) and after for the intervention group was 13.93 (±7.333), 5.43o improvement, while for control group was 16.46 (±9.205), 3.69o improvement.Conclusions: The addition of intervention in water in combination with intervention on land in the rehabilitation program of children with cerebral palsy can lead to a statistically significant increase in the effectiveness of the therapeutic program.

Introduction:Bracing and physiotherapy in Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, are closely linked to heightened levels of psychological distress.Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of AIS patients and their quality of life.Subjects and Methods: This study encompassed 60 patients aged 13.85 ± 1.87 years,exhibiting mild to severe AIS. All subjects adhered to a Schroth exercise program for a minimum of three months, with 26 of them additionally undergoing conservative treatment with braces. Each participant completed the ISYQOL questionnaire and an individual form detailing clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Results:A notable correlation was observed concerning the use of braces.Patients utilizing a brace demonstrated higher ISYQOL scores,indicating a lower HRQoL,compared to those exclusively following Schroth exercise programs. HRQoL exhibited positive correlations with the age at diagnosis,height,age at menstruation onset, and duration of Schroth exercise treatment. HRQoL displayed negative correlations with age,weight,duration of brace treatment, maximum angle trunk rotation , and maximum Cobb angle. The study indicated that lumbar curves were associated with a higher QoL.Conclusions:The use of a brace was found to have a negative impact on HRQoL.

The brain is a system with multidimensional organization and architecture and requires a continuous supply of blood in order to normally function. If blood flow is interrupted for more than a few seconds, the brain is deprived of blood and oxygen, causing death in nerve cells in the affected area. Stroke in children after birth appears even more rarely than in adults. For the study, 10 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (7 boys and 3 girls) participated (mean age 10, 9 years), from the “General Hospital Hippocratio” of Thessaloniki, according to the inclusion criteria. The strength of the upper extremity was measured using the Jamar dynamometer and for the assessment of the balance the pediatric balance scale (PBS) affected and contralateral hands, results were analyzed and compared with norms for age and sex and related to the affected balance. It was found that the strength of the non-affected upper extremities was also reduced according to the data of the normal children and the balance was also affected because of the stroke. Physiotherapy programs may include exercises that give emphasis on the non-affected upper extremities, more similar research must be done on a bigger population.