Objective: In this study, we aimed to examine the healing trend of hepatic encephalopathy after transplantation surgery in patients with liver failure. Method: We conducted this descriptive and cross-sectional study with the participation of liver transplant recipients. A personal information form, the West Haven Criteria (WHC), the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS), and the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using Chi-squared tests, ANOVA, and paired-samples t-tests. Results: As time progressed after liver transplantation, hepatic encephalopathy stages regressed (p < 0.01). We found that liver transplant recipients with end-stage hepatic encephalopathy were mostly within the first 6 months after transplantation, while patients with first-stage hepatic encephalopathy had received liver transplants more than 2 years ago (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The results of our study revealed that hepatic encephalopathy stages regressed after transplantation, but there was no complete recovery. This highlights the need to develop new treatment strategies other than liver transplantation for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

This randomized‐controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of bed exercises on postoperative anxiety, pain, early ambulation and mobilization. This study was conducted with a randomized‐controlled trial design and in the general surgical clinic of a research and training hospital. A total of 120 patients (60 in the experimental group and 60 in the control group) scheduled for major abdominal surgery took part in the study. The data were collected using a patient information form, the Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire and the Visual Analog Scale through face‐to‐face interviews. The patients in the experimental group performed 15‐min bed exercises on the day of their operation, as well as on the postoperative first and second days, and the control group underwent only the routinely performed procedures in the clinic. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and t ‐tests. The sample of our study included major abdominal surgery patients. Ambulation was achieved at a mean time of 4 h earlier in the experimental group. On the postoperative first and second days, the patients in the experimental group had mean mobilization durations that were approximately 2 h longer compared with the patients in the control group. Moreover, the postoperative pain and anxiety levels of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the patients in the control group ( p < 0.05). We recommend that bed exercises be performed to lower anxiety and pain severity, achieve early ambulation and increase the duration of mobilization among patients following major abdominal surgery.

Spiritual well-being may be among the most common feelings felt by living liver donors. The feeling that pushes an individual to good behavior may be spiritual well-being, and the feeling that emerges as a result of achieving goodness may be life satisfaction. In our study, we aimed to analyze the spiritual well-being and life satisfaction of living liver donors and to examine the relationship, if any, between spiritual well-being and life satisfaction. Our descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 306 living liver donors (n = 306). In the data collection process, we used a personal information form, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. In data analysis, we utilized descriptive statistical methods, one-way analysis of variance. Of all living liver donors participating in this study, 37.3% were aged 41–50 years, 73.5% were female, and 53.9% donated their liver to their spouse or child. The predictor variable of spiritual well-being was found to account for approximately 29% of the total variance in the predicted variable of life satisfaction. There was a positive and strong correlation between spiritual well-being and life satisfaction of living liver donors (p < 0.05). Spiritual well-being and life satisfaction of living liver donors are positively affected by each other. In order to provide more psychosocial support to these heroes who disregard their own health and try to save others’ lives, it is best practice to support their spiritual well-being, increase their life satisfaction and develop awareness about these two values. No Level Assigned. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/0026.

Amaç: Bu çalışma hemşirelerin aşı karşıtlığı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Çalışma 15 Eylül-30 Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinde tanımlayıcı olarak yapıldı. Örneklem seçimine gidilmeyip çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden, çalışma tarihlerinde izinli ve raporlu olmayan 282 hemşireye ulaşıldı. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Aşı Karşıtlığı Ölçeği kullanılarak hemşireler ile yüz yüze görüşülerek toplandı. Bu çalışmada bilimsel ve evrensel ilkelere uyuldu ve gerekli izinler alındı. Veriler IBM SPSS v25 paket programda analiz edildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Veriler normal dağıldığından hemşirelerin tanıtıcı özellikleri ile ölçek puanlarının karşılaştırmasında Independent Sample T testi ve One-Way ANOVA testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 39.60±7.43 (min=20, max=59)’tür. Hemşirelerin %90.8’i kadın olup, %83.3’ü evli, %72.0’si lisans mezunu ve %62.1’i servis hemşiresi olarak çalışmaktadır. Hemşirelerin Aşı Karşıtlığı Ölçeği toplam puanı 46.82±12.43’tür (min=21, max=90). Aşı Karşıtlığı Ölçeği toplam puanı ile hemşirelerin aşı tereddütü yaşamaları, çocuk sahibi olma durumları ve aşı hakkında bilgi durumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0.05). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda hemşirelerin aşı karşıtlığı orta düzeydedir. Aşı tereddütü yaşayan ve akrabasından/arkadaşından aşı hakkında bilgi edinen hemşirelerin Aşı Karşıtlığı Ölçeği toplam puanı daha yüksek, çocuk sahibi olan hemşirelerin Aşı Karşıtlığı Ölçeği toplam puanı daha düşüktür.