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Antonio Lopez-Pintor
Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 27 July 2018 in Sustainability
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Traditional agricultural systems and their spatial context constitute socio-ecological landscapes for their long co-evolutionary history. However, these systems not only generate positive but also negative agri-environmental externalities, such as soil erosion, diffuse pollution and potential wild biodiversity degradation. In this paper, we present a methodological approach for developing and testing indicators to estimate the effects of these externalities, especially designed to be used to help guide land-use policy changes. Our results show that the indicators proposed can recognize the different environmental situations posed by the three selected study areas, in terms of potential erosion and diffuse pollution, as well as in the actual agri-environmental externalities assessment. As expected, they also respond to the changes in land use and management introduced by two scenarios, ecological and productive. Although the erosion and diffuse pollution indicators showed a linear response, the diversity indicator showed a non-linear response, which highlights the importance of the spatial structure of landscape in agri-environmental assessment. In fact, several ecological processes can be affected by landscape spatial structure, potentially giving unexpected results both in terms of indicators and of real impact of agri-environmental externalities. Therefore, some landscape structure assessment should accompany that of externalities when considering land-use policy objectives.

ACS Style

Antonio Lopez-Pintor; Javier Sanz-Cañada; Ernesto Salas; Alejandro Rescia. Assessment of Agri-Environmental Externalities in Spanish Socio-Ecological Landscapes of Olive Groves. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2640 .

AMA Style

Antonio Lopez-Pintor, Javier Sanz-Cañada, Ernesto Salas, Alejandro Rescia. Assessment of Agri-Environmental Externalities in Spanish Socio-Ecological Landscapes of Olive Groves. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2640.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Lopez-Pintor; Javier Sanz-Cañada; Ernesto Salas; Alejandro Rescia. 2018. "Assessment of Agri-Environmental Externalities in Spanish Socio-Ecological Landscapes of Olive Groves." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2640.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2014 in Methods in Ecology and Evolution
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1. Canopies are complex multilayered structures comprising individual plant crowns exposing a multifaceted surface area to sunlight. Foliage arrangement and properties are the main mediators of canopy functions. The leaves act as light traps whose exposure to sunlight varies with time of the day, date and latitude in a trade-off between photosynthetic light harvesting and excessive or photoinhibitory light avoidance. To date, ecological research based upon leaf sampling has been limited by the available echnology, with which data acquisition becomes labour intensive and time-consuming, given the verwhelming number of leaves involved. 2. In the present study, our goal involved developing a tool capable of easuring a sufficient number of leaves to enable analysis of leaf populations, tree crowns and canopies.We specifically tested whether a cell phone working as a 3Dpointer could yield reliable, repeatable and valid leaf anglemeasurements with a simple gesture. We evaluated the accuracy of this method under controlled conditions, using a 3D digitizer, and we compared performance in the field with the methods commonly used. We presented an equation to estimate the potential proportion of the leaf exposed to direct sunlight (SAL) at any given time and compared the results with those obtained bymeans of a graphicalmethod. 3. We found a strong and highly significant correlation between the graphical methods and the equation presented. The calibration process showed a strong correlation between the results derived from the two methods with amean relative difference below 10%. Themean relative difference in calculation of instantaneous exposure was below 5%. Our device performed equally well in diverse locations, in which we characterized over 700 leaves in a single day. 4. The newmethod, involving the use of a cell phone, ismuchmore effective than the traditionalmethods or digitizers when the goal is to scale up from leaf position to performance of leaf populations, tree crowns or canopies. Our methodology constitutes an affordable and valuable tool within which to frame a wide range of ecological hypotheses and to support canopy modelling approaches

ACS Style

Adrián G. Escribano‐Rocafort; Agustina Ventre-Lespiaucq; Carlos Granado‐Yela; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; Juan A. Delgado; Vicente Muñoz; Gabriel A. Dorado; Luis Balaguer. Simplifying data acquisition in plant canopies‐ Measurements of leaf angles with a cell phone. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2014, 5, 132 -140.

AMA Style

Adrián G. Escribano‐Rocafort, Agustina Ventre-Lespiaucq, Carlos Granado‐Yela, Antonio Lopez-Pintor, Juan A. Delgado, Vicente Muñoz, Gabriel A. Dorado, Luis Balaguer. Simplifying data acquisition in plant canopies‐ Measurements of leaf angles with a cell phone. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2014; 5 (2):132-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrián G. Escribano‐Rocafort; Agustina Ventre-Lespiaucq; Carlos Granado‐Yela; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; Juan A. Delgado; Vicente Muñoz; Gabriel A. Dorado; Luis Balaguer. 2014. "Simplifying data acquisition in plant canopies‐ Measurements of leaf angles with a cell phone." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5, no. 2: 132-140.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2011 in Journal of Arid Environments
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L. Gálvez-Bravo et al.Mammalian herbivores can have dramatic effects on the vegetation through different mechanisms, and may therefore modify resource distribution or create habitat for other species. Organisms that cause such changes are classified as ecosystem engineers. The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a semi-fossorial mammal native to the Iberian Peninsula and a keystone species in Mediterranean foodwebs. Rabbits are central-place foragers, but few studies have analysed their ecosystem engineering effects in the vicinity of warrens. Here, we explored the role of rabbits as ecosystem engineers in Mediterranean pastures in central Spain. We studied the spatial patterns and internal heterogeneity in the vegetation community of different spatial subunits created by rabbits (warrens, the warren influence area, and latrines). Within the different subunits, rabbit activities gave rise to patches and gradients with different plant species richness, diversity and height, and a high internal heterogeneity (dissimilarity) in floristic composition. Through different mechanisms, they have a significant effect on species coexistence and competitive interactions, and increase the number of available niches for plants which otherwise would not be able to establish. In conclusion, rabbits can act as allogenic ecosystem engineers in Mediterranean pastures, increasing heterogeneity and contributing to the high biodiversity of Mediterranean annual pastures.This work is part of projects REN2000-0783/GLO and REN 2003-05553/GLO, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. Lucía Gálvez-Bravo was supported by a FPI grant from the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) throughout the duration of this study.Peer Reviewe

ACS Style

Lucia Galvez-Bravo; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; S. Rebollo; A. Gomez-Sal. European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) engineering effects promote plant heterogeneity in Mediterranean dehesa pastures. Journal of Arid Environments 2011, 75, 779 -786.

AMA Style

Lucia Galvez-Bravo, Antonio Lopez-Pintor, S. Rebollo, A. Gomez-Sal. European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) engineering effects promote plant heterogeneity in Mediterranean dehesa pastures. Journal of Arid Environments. 2011; 75 (9):779-786.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Galvez-Bravo; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; S. Rebollo; A. Gomez-Sal. 2011. "European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) engineering effects promote plant heterogeneity in Mediterranean dehesa pastures." Journal of Arid Environments 75, no. 9: 779-786.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2006 in Acta Oecologica
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The processes underlying the positive effect exerted by woody species on other plant species can be grouped into a physical effect due to the canopy itself (mainly amelioration of temperature and light extremes), and an edaphic effect (nutrient enrichment). Both groups of effects are present in the savanna-like systems originated by Retama sphaerocarpa in the Iberian Peninsula. The consequences of these shrubs for the spatial heterogeneity induced in the herbaceous community are not well known. The herbaceous community was sampled by means of radial transects around 20 adult shrubs, from the canopy centre to the open areas among the shrubs, both northwards and southwards. Floristic composition, diversity and pasture mean height change both along the inside–outside gradient, and from north to south. As a nutrient enriched environment, the centre of the understorey showed the lowest species richness and evenness, and the highest standing crop. In contrast, the environmentally stressful open areas showed the highest number of species and evenness, and the lowest standing crop. This general effect is only partially due to nutrient availability, and is not homogeneous around the shrub, as open area conditions penetrate into the understorey driving the herbaceous community towards that of open areas. An individual shrub effect is also suggested by our results. Different conditions are thus provided by R. sphaerocarpa understoreys, favouring different subsets of species from the general pool, and therefore defining shrub canopies as sources of spatial heterogeneity in the whole savanna-like system.

ACS Style

Antonio Lopez-Pintor; A. Gómez Sal; José Rey Benayas. Shrubs as a source of spatial heterogeneity—the case of Retama sphaerocarpa in Mediterranean pastures of central Spain. Acta Oecologica 2006, 29, 247 -255.

AMA Style

Antonio Lopez-Pintor, A. Gómez Sal, José Rey Benayas. Shrubs as a source of spatial heterogeneity—the case of Retama sphaerocarpa in Mediterranean pastures of central Spain. Acta Oecologica. 2006; 29 (3):247-255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Lopez-Pintor; A. Gómez Sal; José Rey Benayas. 2006. "Shrubs as a source of spatial heterogeneity—the case of Retama sphaerocarpa in Mediterranean pastures of central Spain." Acta Oecologica 29, no. 3: 247-255.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2005 in Revista chilena de historia natural
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ACS Style

Tíscar Espigares; Antonio Lopez-Pintor. Seed predation in a Mediterranean pasture: can ants modify the floristic composition of soil seed banks? Revista chilena de historia natural 2005, 78, 615 -622.

AMA Style

Tíscar Espigares, Antonio Lopez-Pintor. Seed predation in a Mediterranean pasture: can ants modify the floristic composition of soil seed banks? Revista chilena de historia natural. 2005; 78 (4):615-622.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tíscar Espigares; Antonio Lopez-Pintor. 2005. "Seed predation in a Mediterranean pasture: can ants modify the floristic composition of soil seed banks?" Revista chilena de historia natural 78, no. 4: 615-622.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2004 in Acta Oecologica
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ACS Style

Tíscar Espigares; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; José M. Rey Benayas. Is the interaction between Retama sphaerocarpa and its understorey herbaceous vegetation always reciprocally positive? Competition–facilitation shift during Retama establishment. Acta Oecologica 2004, 26, 121 -128.

AMA Style

Tíscar Espigares, Antonio Lopez-Pintor, José M. Rey Benayas. Is the interaction between Retama sphaerocarpa and its understorey herbaceous vegetation always reciprocally positive? Competition–facilitation shift during Retama establishment. Acta Oecologica. 2004; 26 (2):121-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tíscar Espigares; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; José M. Rey Benayas. 2004. "Is the interaction between Retama sphaerocarpa and its understorey herbaceous vegetation always reciprocally positive? Competition–facilitation shift during Retama establishment." Acta Oecologica 26, no. 2: 121-128.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2003 in Plant Ecology
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Retama sphaerocarpa is a leguminous shrub whose important role in the semi-arid regions of south-eastern Spain has already been assessed: shrub canopies reduce light intensity, and thus evapotranspiration; also their extensive radical system take water and nutrients from great volumes of soil, concentrating them in the understorey. Consequently, subcanopy vegetation benefits from these facilitation processes, increasing its productivity. However, these shrublands have been rarely studied at a broader scale, i.e. as a savannah-like system composed of a variable number of shrubs scattered in a herbaceous matrix. As the microenvironmental conditions associated to the understorey are rather different from those of the open spaces among shrubs, species composition of the herbaceous matrix is expected to change accordingly. Thus, R. sphaerocarpa would be an important and still unknown source of spatial heterogeneity to the system. Our main purpose was to evaluate, through the soil seed bank, the heterogeneity in the herbaceous community induced by this shrub species. Soil samples were collected around adult shrubs from three positions relative to the canopy: near the centre of the shrubs, at the edge of the understorey, and completely outside the canopy. Floristic composition was evaluated by germination under greenhouse conditions. The results show that each position has a different floristic composition, characterised by a group of different species. The herbaceous species associated with the external position have functional traits which enable them to resist water stress and herbivore pressure, such as hairs, CAM metabolism, early flowering, horizontal growth or tiny stature. The species associated with the central position lack those traits, and are more competitive in more mesic environments, rich in nitrogen. The lowest number of seedlings and species was found in the internal position, suggesting that in our study the facilitation process may have less importance for community dynamics due to less stressful environmental conditions.

ACS Style

Antonio Lopez-Pintor; T. Espigares; J.M. Rey Benayas. Spatial segregation of plant species caused by Retama sphaerocarpa influence in a Mediterranean pasture: a perspective from the soil seed bank. Plant Ecology 2003, 167, 107 -116.

AMA Style

Antonio Lopez-Pintor, T. Espigares, J.M. Rey Benayas. Spatial segregation of plant species caused by Retama sphaerocarpa influence in a Mediterranean pasture: a perspective from the soil seed bank. Plant Ecology. 2003; 167 (1):107-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Lopez-Pintor; T. Espigares; J.M. Rey Benayas. 2003. "Spatial segregation of plant species caused by Retama sphaerocarpa influence in a Mediterranean pasture: a perspective from the soil seed bank." Plant Ecology 167, no. 1: 107-116.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2002 in Plant Ecology
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Large amounts of former cropland are being abandoned in developedregions. To formulate guidelines for land reclamation programmes, we exploredthe effects of artificial shading, irrigation, and removal of weed competitionon the performance of Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss.seedlings in a factorial experiment located in an abandoned cropland in CentralSpain. R. sphaerocarpa is of interest for revegetationbecause it is a drought tolerant leguminous shrub that is a major structuralcomponent of the native plant community. Seedling performance was evaluated inthree ways: seedling survivorship, growth, and photochemical efficiency. Wealsomeasured soil moisture and weed biomass production and found that bothincreasedunder artificial shading conditions. Soil moisture increased very slightlywhereweeds were removed. Thus, increased transpiration from weeds outweighed reducedevaporation from soils due to shading by weeds. Artificial shading was the mosteffective treatment for seedling survivorship, followed by removal ofcompetition by weeds. After summer, 34 % of the seedlings survived in the mostfavourable conditions (artificially shaded plots where weeds were removed),compared to ca. 1 % in full-light plots with no removal of weed competition. Apositive effect of irrigation was found for growth of seedling cover and heightin shaded plots. The analysis of photochemical efficiency pointed out therelevance of weed competition removal, and confirmed the usefulness of fastfluorescence transient techniques for the quantification of seedlingperformance. The data suggest that competition between seedlings and weeds wasprimarily for water rather than for light. We conclude that i) artificialshading improved seedling performance, but this is a little practical techniquebecause of its cost; ii) as weeds compete with, rather than facilitate, plantedseedlings, weed clipping around the seedlings is a feasible technique thatwouldimprove seedling survival; and iii) seedling performance could alsoconsiderablyimprove with a higher irrigation than was used in this experiment(75lm−2 per growth period), provided that weedsare removed.

ACS Style

José María Rey Benayas; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; Carmen García; Nuria De La Cámara; Reto Strasser; Antonio Gómez Sal. Early establishment of planted Retama sphaerocarpa seedlings under different levels of light, water and weed competition. Plant Ecology 2002, 159, 201 -209.

AMA Style

José María Rey Benayas, Antonio Lopez-Pintor, Carmen García, Nuria De La Cámara, Reto Strasser, Antonio Gómez Sal. Early establishment of planted Retama sphaerocarpa seedlings under different levels of light, water and weed competition. Plant Ecology. 2002; 159 (2):201-209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José María Rey Benayas; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; Carmen García; Nuria De La Cámara; Reto Strasser; Antonio Gómez Sal. 2002. "Early establishment of planted Retama sphaerocarpa seedlings under different levels of light, water and weed competition." Plant Ecology 159, no. 2: 201-209.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 1999 in Journal of Vegetation Science
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ACS Style

A. Gomez Sal; J.M. Rey Benayas; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; S. Rebollo. Role of disturbance in maintaining a savanna‐like pattern in Mediterranean Retama sphaerocarpa shrubland. Journal of Vegetation Science 1999, 10, 365 -370.

AMA Style

A. Gomez Sal, J.M. Rey Benayas, Antonio Lopez-Pintor, S. Rebollo. Role of disturbance in maintaining a savanna‐like pattern in Mediterranean Retama sphaerocarpa shrubland. Journal of Vegetation Science. 1999; 10 (3):365-370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Gomez Sal; J.M. Rey Benayas; Antonio Lopez-Pintor; S. Rebollo. 1999. "Role of disturbance in maintaining a savanna‐like pattern in Mediterranean Retama sphaerocarpa shrubland." Journal of Vegetation Science 10, no. 3: 365-370.