The most common type of diabetes among children and adolescents is type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are linked to an increased risk of CVD. Regular exercise is associated with a decreased risk of CVD and improved CRF. We conducted this scoping review to assess the effects of exercise on CRF in youth with T1DM. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were used to search for the relevant literature. In this analysis, the PICOS method was used to select studies and was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines scoping review guidelines for the evaluation of the effects of physical activity and cardiac function; the criteria may include the type and intensity of physical activity, the duration of the intervention, peak oxygen consumption (VO₂), peak minute ventilation (VE), and peak heart rate of cardiorespiratory fitness. Screening resulted in 434 records. Of these, nine articles were included in our study. These nine studies were experimental (noncontrolled trials or randomized controlled trials) (n = 7) and observational (cross-sectional) (n = 2), and could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on cardiac function. The effects of exercise on CRF in youth with T1DM vary according to the type, frequency, and intensity of the exercise. According to our review, the duration of exercise included in the studies did not meet the recommendations of the guidelines for youth with T1DM. Additionally, half of the studies revealed that exercise could optimize the lipid profile in youth with T1DM. Hence, this research is to provide an overview of the effects of physical activity and exercise on CRF, cardiovascular fitness, lipid profile, and blood pressure in youth with T1DM, as well as identified potential limitations of the existing studies. Nevertheless, the limited number of clinical studies employing exercise interventions for children and adolescents with T1DM emphasize the need for more studies in this area, and more specific modes of exercise should be developed in the future.

Background: Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are essential in treating infertility but often face limited success due to low implantation and live birth rates. East Asian traditional medicine (EATM), including acupuncture and herbal medicine (HM), may enhance physiological responses during ART cycles. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of EATM in improving clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes in women undergoing ART. Methods: This review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023411712), systematically searched 11 databases up to 31 March 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing EATM interventions to control groups. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. Meta-analysis used the inverse-variance method in Stata 12.0. A total of 37 RCTs involving 10,776 women (aged 29–38) were analyzed. Studies addressed infertility causes including polycystic ovary syndrome, tubal blockage, diminished ovarian reserve, and unexplained infertility. Acupuncture therapies included body, electro-, laser, and auricular acupuncture. Herbal treatments were administered as powders, pills, granules, decoctions, and ointments based on traditional Chinese formulas. Results: EATM interventions were associated with significant improvements in clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Acupuncture increased clinical pregnancy rates (CPR: RR 1.316, 95% CI 1.171–1.480) and live birth rates (LBR: RR 1.287, 95% CI 1.081–1.533). HM also enhanced CPRs (RR 1.184) and LBRs (RR 1.147). Subgroup analysis showed true acupuncture and HM were more effective than sham or placebo. No significant differences in adverse events were found. Conclusions: EATM, particularly acupuncture and HM, appears to be a safe and effective complementary therapy that can be used to improve ART outcomes. Future research should focus on developing standardized acupuncture and herbal protocols to optimize integration with ART.

Background: The widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)–powered search engines has transformed how people access health information. Microsoft Copilot, formerly Bing Chat, offers real-time web-sourced responses to user queries, raising concerns about the reliability of its health content. This is particularly critical in the domain of dietary supplements, where scientific consensus is limited and online misinformation is prevalent. Despite the popularity of supplements in Japan, little is known about the accuracy of AI-generated advice on their effectiveness for common diseases. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of Microsoft Copilot, an AI search engine, in responding to health-related queries about dietary supplements. Our findings can help consumers use large language models more safely and effectively when seeking information on dietary supplements and support developers in improving large language models’ performance in this field. Methods: We simulated typical consumer behavior by posing 180 questions (6 per supplement × 30 supplements) to Copilot’s 3 response modes (creative, balanced, and precise) in Japanese. These questions addressed the effectiveness of supplements in treating 6 common conditions (cancer, diabetes, obesity, constipation, joint pain, and hypertension). We classified the AI search engine’s answers as “effective,” “uncertain,” or “ineffective” and evaluated for accuracy against evidence-based assessments conducted by licensed physicians. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of the response texts and systematically examined the types of sources cited in all responses. Results: The proportion of Copilot responses claiming supplement effectiveness was 29.4% (53/180), 47.8% (86/180), and 45% (81/180) for the creative, balanced, and precise modes, respectively, whereas overall accuracy of the responses was low across all modes: 36.1% (65/180), 31.7% (57/180), and 31.7% (57/180) for creative, balanced, and precise, respectively. No significant difference was observed among the 3 modes ( P= .59). Notably, 72.7% (2240/3081) of the citations came from unverified sources such as blogs, sales websites, and social media. Of the 540 responses analyzed, 54 (10%) contained at least 1 citation in which the cited source did not include or support the claim made by Copilot, indicating hallucinated content. Only 48.5% (262/540) of the responses included a recommendation to consult health care professionals. Among disease categories, the highest accuracy was found for cancer-related questions, likely due to lower misinformation prevalence. Conclusions: This is the first study to assess Copilot’s performance on dietary supplement information. Despite its authoritative appearance, Copilot frequently cited noncredible sources and provided ambiguous or inaccurate information. Its tendency to avoid definitive stances and align with perceived user expectations poses potential risks for health misinformation. These findings highlight the need for integrating health communication principles—such as transparency, audience empowerment, and informed choice—into the development and regulation of AI search engines to ensure safe public use.

BACKGROUND Internet content about the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine may affect people's decisions to get vaccinated. Therefore, it is important to provide information on all the aspects of the HPV vaccine on YouTube, one of the most popular social media platforms. However, few studies have focused on Japanese videos about these vaccines. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the YouTube content on HPV vaccines by analyzing the related Japanese videos in context of the account characteristics, attitude towards the vaccine, and thumbnail characteristics. METHODS Relevant videos with keywords “HPV vaccine” and “cervical cancer vaccine” uploaded before November 11, 2021 were collected using the YouTube data application programming interface. The videos were accessed using unique IDs after being independently coded by two different coders. Differences in the coding results were resolved by discussion. The main outcome measures included channel information and classification, attitude towards HPV vaccine, description of reimbursement, designation of the vaccine, and the thumbnail details. RESULTS As of November 11, 2021, positive and negative attitude videos regarding HPV vaccines accounted for approximately 44% of the Japanese YouTube videos. In the year 2013, an increase in negative videos was observed, while from 2019 onwards, majority of the videos uploaded had positive attitudes towards the vaccine. Videos with negative tones generally used the terminology "cervical cancer vaccines ". Majority of the negative videos were uploaded by individual accounts, whereas all the videos uploaded by medical workers were positive or neutral. Only four videos mentioned side-effect compensation. The most frequently used thumbnails were the photographs of people who appeared in the videos. CONCLUSIONS This study summarizes the characteristics of Japanese YouTube videos about the HPV vaccine. Compared to the English version, there are fewer anti-vaccine videos in Japan, but there is also a lack of videos uploaded by credible authorities.

BACKGROUND Social media has become an important channel for health information dissemination and plays a significant role in shaping public opinion of the human papillomavirus vaccine. Although an increasing number of studies have examined human papillomavirus vaccine-related content on social media platforms, comprehensive cross-platform studies remain limited. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to synthesize existing research, focusing on communication content, information sources, and methodological characteristics. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, systematic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Scopus were conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies published between 2004 and 2025 that analyzed human papillomavirus vaccine-related social media content. RESULTS Of the 37 included studies, most focused on sentiment-oriented analyses, typically classifying content as positive, neutral, or negative. Thematic analyses commonly identified vaccine benefits and cancer prevention, alongside concerns regarding safety and side effects. Across platforms, human papillomavirus vaccine-related content was mainly generated by personal accounts, which were more frequently associated with negative sentiment and misinformation. Health professional-generated content was less common but generally higher in quality. Despite larger datasets in recent studies, the application of established theoretical frameworks remained limited. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the dominance of descriptive and sentiment-focused research on human papillomavirus vaccine-related social media content and underscores the need for stronger theoretical integration and greater involvement of authoritative sources to support effective communication on social media.