This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of tadalafil on reactive oxygen species induced by a hyperoxia model in rats, both in terms of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO), and its pathological effects on the corpus cavernosum. Overall, 24 rats were divided into three groups. The control group (eight rats) was not exposed to any intervention. The second group (eight rats), was exposed to hyperoxia in a hyperoxia cabinet for 8 h a day for 10 days. The third group (eight rats) was exposed to hyperoxia the same as in the second group, tadalafil at a dose of 10 mg/kg was given orally as a dissolved form in water in the amount of 10-12 ml/100 g/day to the rats placed in separate cages having removed from the hyperoxia cabin. SOD levels differ enough to create a difference, but there was no significant difference in terms of NO levels. The SOD level was highest in hyperoxia conditions and lowest in the group given tadalafil. While corpus cavernosum hyperemia was found to be higher statistically in the experimental groups than in the control group, we found that the severity of hyperemia was less in the group given tadalafil. The corpus cavernosum was found to be statistically more dilated in the experimental groups than in the control group. We determined that hyperoxia status increased the level of SOD and this level decreased with tadalafil administration, which would make a statistical difference.

Introduction: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of 15- and 30-W holmium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Ho:YAG) laser devices used in the treatment of pediatric kidney stones. Methods: Eighty-six consecutive pediatric patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) between February 2010 and August 2020 were enrolled in the study. After exclusion criteria were applied, the data of 79 children were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the laser device power of 15 W (Group 15: N = 30) and 30 W (Group 30: N = 49). The groups were compared according to demographic characteristics, stone feature, and clinical efficacy. Results: The age, gender, height, weight, and stone characteristics were similar between the groups. The mean operation time was shorter in Group 30. The stone-free rate after the first RIRS session (SF ₁ ) was 66.7% in Group 15 and 83.3% in Group 30. The SF ₁ for 20-mm or larger kidney stones was found to be 0% in Group 15 and 62.5% in Group 30. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of stone-free rate. Conclusions: In pediatric kidney stone treatment, 30-W Ho:YAG laser devices should be preferred as they shorten the operation time compared with 15-W devices and provide the final stone-free status with fewer procedures, especially in large kidney stones.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the effect of pre‐stenting and bladder drainage on intrapelvic pressure (IP) during Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS).Methods: Eighty‐five consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled and meticulously recorded in a data form. Forty‐two patients meeting the inclusion criteria after applying exclusion factors. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (21 patients with preoperative JJ stents) and Group 2 (21 patients without preoperative JJ stents). IP was measured during RIRS, and the impact of various factors, including pre‐stenting, bladder drainage and hydronephrosis (HN) grade, on IP was analysed through univariate and multiple linear regression.Results: The perioperative mean highest IP (78 ± 18.2 mmHg vs. 110 ± 23.9 mmHg), median lowest IP (29 mmHg vs. 42 mmHg) and median overall IP (41 mmHg vs. 69 mmHg) were significantly lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (all p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that pre‐stenting and mild HN (Grade 0–1) were independent predictors of reduced IP.Conclusion: Pre‐stenting led to a significant reduction in IP during RIRS, likely due to passive ureteral dilation. Additionally, bladder drainage with urethral catheter further decreased IP. These findings suggest that pre‐stenting and bladder drainage should be considered as strategies to reduce IP during RIRS, potentially improving surgical outcomes.

Purpose Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) is a common postoperative symptom after the trans-obturator tape (TOT) procedure, often adversely affecting patients’ quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to identify the risk factors that increase the likelihood of UUI, with the goal of addressing these factors to enhance patients’ QoL. Material and Method This retrospective analysis included 365 women diagnosed with pure stress incontinence who underwent the TOT procedure from 2015 to 2023. Of these, 112 patients who developed UUI were classified as Group 1, while 253 patients without UUI were designated as Group 2. The study examined factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), number of births, delivery types, menopausal status, follow-up duration, recurrence of stress incontinence, meatal stenosis, post-void residual (PVR), Burch operation rate, and instances of recurrent UTIs. Quality of Life was assessed using the Incontinence QoL (I-QoL) questionnaire. Urge symptoms were evaluated through both a bladder diary (BD) and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaire. Results Risk factors, including menopause (p = 0.013), increased BMI (p = 0.001), elevated PVR (p = 0.019), meatal stenosis (p = 0.038), and advanced age (p = 0.045), were significantly more prevalent in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Additionally, Group 1 had considerably lower I-QoL scores across all domains, suggesting substantial psychosocial and functional impairment (p < 0.001). Conclusion UUI following the TOT procedure is influenced by various modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Through comprehensive pre-operative and postoperative evaluations, high-risk patients can be identified, potentially reducing UUI symptoms and improving their QoL.

Background: Benign prostatic obstruction negatively affects bladder emptying and, if untreated, may be associated with impaired bladder emptying and related complications. Objectives: To compare postoperative outcomes of bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (bipolar TURP) among different age groups and evaluate the effect of patient age. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: We analyzed 132 male patients who underwent bipolar TURP between May 2022 and January 2024. Patients were grouped by age: Group 1 (50–60 years), Group 2 (61–70 years), and Group 3 (⩾71 years). Pre- and postoperative parameters—including prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, uroflowmetry (maximum and average flow rates, voided volume, post-void residual), symptom duration, medication use, and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores—were assessed at 12 months postoperatively. Results: Group 1 demonstrated significantly greater improvements in peak flow rates, post-void residual volume, and IIEF-5 scores compared with the older cohorts ( p < 0.05). While Group 3 presented with the longest symptom duration and highest medication use at baseline, multivariate regression analysis identified advancing age as an independent predictor of more limited improvement in post-void residual volume ( p = 0.008) and IIEF-5 scores ( p < 0.001), while its association with ∆ Q max reached only marginal significance ( p = 0.050). Younger patients exhibited better postoperative preservation of erectile function and relatively improved recovery of bladder emptying. Conclusion: Patient age is associated with urinary and sexual outcomes after bipolar TURP. The strongest age-related associations were observed for postoperative recovery of bladder emptying and preservation of erectile function, whereas improvement in peak flow rate was less strongly age-dependent and should be interpreted with caution. Trial registration: Not applicable.