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The agricultural drainage in rural area plays important roles in water supply and drainage for crop cultivation. Various kinds of debris near agricultural drainage, however, causes sedimentation in the drainage during rainfall. The debris introduced into the agricultural drainage moves out of the drainage under a high flow rate. This causes a reduction in the flow rate, which may affect the discharge capacity, resulting in crop damage. This study developed a reduction facility to reduce debris entering agricultural drainage and analyzed the performance by measuring the capture efficacy in the hydraulic experiment. A total of 648 runs were performed for 216 experiment conditions where three replications and error ranges were calculated depending on the inflow characteristics of debris. This study also evaluated the performance of the reduction facility and established the design criteria by developing a capture efficacy equation by flow rate and type of reduction facility.
Youngseok Song; Moojong Park. A Study on the Development of Reduction Facilities’ Management Standards for Agricultural Drainage for Disaster Reduction. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9595 .
AMA StyleYoungseok Song, Moojong Park. A Study on the Development of Reduction Facilities’ Management Standards for Agricultural Drainage for Disaster Reduction. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoungseok Song; Moojong Park. 2021. "A Study on the Development of Reduction Facilities’ Management Standards for Agricultural Drainage for Disaster Reduction." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9595.
Drought is one of the disasters that causes the most extensive and severe damage. Therefore, drought prevention must be performed for administrative districts at the national level rather than the individual level. This study proposes a drought index estimation method for Gyeongsangnamdo, South Korea that evaluates its appropriateness through a comparison with damage data over several years. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) by duration was used as the drought index that was estimated for 13 rainfall stations located inside and outside Gyeonsangnam-do using the Thiessen method and cluster analysis. The SPI of Gyeongsangnamdo by duration based on the Thiessen method and cluster analysis for the years when drought damage occurred was compared with an SPI value of −2.0, which is the extreme drought condition, to determine its appropriateness. For the evaluation of the appropriateness, the performance indicators of the mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean squared error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used. The analysis results showed that SPI by duration based on the cluster analysis method was more appropriate for damage data over many years than that based on the Thiessen method.
Youngseok Song; Moojong Park. A Study on the Appropriateness of the Drought Index Estimation Method Using Damage Data from Gyeongsangnamdo, South Korea. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 998 .
AMA StyleYoungseok Song, Moojong Park. A Study on the Appropriateness of the Drought Index Estimation Method Using Damage Data from Gyeongsangnamdo, South Korea. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (8):998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoungseok Song; Moojong Park. 2021. "A Study on the Appropriateness of the Drought Index Estimation Method Using Damage Data from Gyeongsangnamdo, South Korea." Atmosphere 12, no. 8: 998.
With the climate change adding to the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, drought has devastated large areas of lands in South Korea. Still, the exact beginning and end of the drought is difficult to identify, and this impedes the development and implementation of disaster predictions. Although the drought phenomenon has been well-documented, predictions thereof are limited due to the non-linear and complex temporal fluctuations of the hydrologic factors. Hence, this study set up some reference points for disaster-prediction rainfall based on South Korea’s agricultural drought damage data, to help in drought relief. To set up the proposed reference points for disaster-prediction rainfall, we analyzed rainfall in light of the disaster-prevention relevance to agricultural droughts and the disaster reduction. As an analysis method, rainfall of municipality was calculated through Thiessen’s polygonal method, to apply rainfall weighting value for each rainfall observatory. In addition, the linear regression analysis was applied to suggest the calculation formula for setting the annual disaster reduction rainfall. The results of this study, standard of judgment point for disaster prevention of agricultural drought at the time of disaster management, were analyzed for rainfall for local governments and the whole country. Rather than using various drought indices that are currently developed, policy makers or public servant made suggestions based on rainfall that is most accessible and convenient for judging the timing of agricultural drought. As the disaster-prevention rainfall with agricultural droughts is expected to occur, we established the average annual rainfall of ≤1200 or 100 mm below the preceding year’s average annual rainfall. Moreover, as the disaster-reduction rainfall for agricultural droughts to end, we determined the average monthly rainfall of ≥150 mm.
Youngseok Song; Moojong Park. Rainfall Standard of Disaster Prediction for Agricultural Droughts in S. Korea. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7423 .
AMA StyleYoungseok Song, Moojong Park. Rainfall Standard of Disaster Prediction for Agricultural Droughts in S. Korea. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (21):7423.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoungseok Song; Moojong Park. 2020. "Rainfall Standard of Disaster Prediction for Agricultural Droughts in S. Korea." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21: 7423.
The flow of driftwood and soil into drainage from agricultural areas accelerates sedimentation and inflicts overflow damage after rainfall events due to insufficient discharge capacity, causing flooding on agricultural land. However, there have been few efforts to develop a driftwood capture trellis for agricultural drainage ditches, except for some suggested design criteria. In this study, we developed a driftwood capture trellis to capture driftwood in agricultural drainage ditches and evaluated its performance based on hydraulic characteristics. The facility was designed considering criteria for drainage and driftwood control barriers, as well as the properties of driftwood found near agricultural drainage ditches. Performance evaluation was conducted through hydraulic experiments. Driftwood capture trellises were installed in 400 mm drainage pipes and a total of 216 experimental runs were conducted: six runs each in six different velocity variations and six water depth variations. The results showed that the driftwood capture efficiency of the facility exceeded 60% at a velocity of 0.144 m³/s. Limited conditions for hydraulic experiments should be considered. The driftwood capture trellis for agricultural drainage ditches developed in this study could contribute to a reduction in overflow damage caused by driftwood sedimentation.
Youngseok Song; Moojong Park. Development of Driftwood Capture Trellis for Capturing Driftwood in Agricultural Drainage Ditches. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5805 .
AMA StyleYoungseok Song, Moojong Park. Development of Driftwood Capture Trellis for Capturing Driftwood in Agricultural Drainage Ditches. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (17):5805.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoungseok Song; Moojong Park. 2020. "Development of Driftwood Capture Trellis for Capturing Driftwood in Agricultural Drainage Ditches." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 5805.
Among natural disasters, droughts can affect a large area for a prolonged period of time. If a drought happens, an appropriate response requires a lot of time and manpower from beginning to end, and continuous management is necessary for further prevention. Using data on drought damages from 1900 to 2018 in 148 countries in six continents around the world, this study was able to set quantitative standards for mega-droughts. According to data on the status of annual drought damages, the frequency of drought damages (1900–2018) and the subsequent damage costs (1965–2018) are increasing, while human losses (1900–2018) are decreasing. Additionally, Africa had the highest frequency of drought damages, while Africa and Asia were ranked at the top of the list in terms of human losses and damage costs, respectively. Droughts persisted for continuous periods ranging from 1 to 17 years, and the total number of cases involving drought damage was estimated to be 600 in total, with total human losses of 11,731,294 people and total accumulated damage costs of $17,367,007,000. This study provided quantitative standards for the frequency of drought damages, human losses, and damage costs for mega-droughts in consideration of continuous drought periods. This study set the quantitative standards for a mega-drought as follows: (1) if drought damages continue to occur in a country for more than seven years, (2) if human losses continue to occur in a country for more than seven years, and (3) if mean annual damage costs of $17,000,000 continue to occur in a country for more than seven years.
Youngseok Song; Moojong Park. Assessment of Quantitative Standards for Mega-Drought Using Data on Drought Damages. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3598 .
AMA StyleYoungseok Song, Moojong Park. Assessment of Quantitative Standards for Mega-Drought Using Data on Drought Damages. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoungseok Song; Moojong Park. 2020. "Assessment of Quantitative Standards for Mega-Drought Using Data on Drought Damages." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3598.
Unlike natural disasters such as typhoons, torrential rains and floods, drought is a disaster caused by long-term effects as well as short-term effects. The effect of drought is caused by damage from a short period of weeks to a long period of years, which causes extensive and enormous damage to agriculture, life, society and economy. In addition, the recent climate change has affected the frequency and scale of rainfall in the global temperature, so it is necessary to prepare measures against it.
The past studies on drought have been conducted using drought indexes such as agricultural, meteorological, and hydrological methods to evaluate drought. The representative drought indexes for each drought are Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Agricultural drought is Crop Moisture Index (CMI), Crop Specific Drought Index (CSDI), Hydrological drought is Surface Drought Water Supply Index (SWSI), Reclamation Drought Index (RDI) and so on are used. However, these drought indices are only used as a method of predicting the depth of drought, and do not give the actual number of drought occurrences.
In this study, we want to determine the frequency of Mega-drought occurrences in consideration of the drought damage characteristics that occurred worldwide from 1900 to 2018. The drought damages in the world were used by EM-DAT (the Emergency Events Database) which manages disaster data in CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). Drought damages occurred in the world from 1900 to 2018 occurred more than once/years in 146 countries. The duration of drought persistence occurred in the country continuously for at least one to 17 years. The purpose of this study is to propose the criteria for mega drought by using the past victim data in connection with the incidence frequency.
Acknowledges : This research was supported by a grant(2019-MOIS31-010) from Fundamental Technology Development Program for Extreme Disaster Response funded by Korean Ministry of Interior and Safety(MOIS).
Song YoungSeok; Kim Jinbok; Park JongUn; Park Moojong. A Study on the Estimation of the Occurrence Frequency of Mega-drought by the Characteristics of Drought Damage. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleSong YoungSeok, Kim Jinbok, Park JongUn, Park Moojong. A Study on the Estimation of the Occurrence Frequency of Mega-drought by the Characteristics of Drought Damage. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong YoungSeok; Kim Jinbok; Park JongUn; Park Moojong. 2020. "A Study on the Estimation of the Occurrence Frequency of Mega-drought by the Characteristics of Drought Damage." , no. : 1.
Inundation damage occurs in urban regions due to short flood reach time and increased surface runoff caused by urbanized impervious areas. Furthermore, heavy rainfall frequency has increased because of climate change, thus exceeding the design frequency and resulting in sewer pipes’ lack of flood control capacity, with damage expanding from low-lying areas. Despite many urban disaster-mitigation policies, complex causes and uncertainties make reducing urban inundation damage difficult. This study established a rainfall-related disaster-prevention standard by time duration considering rainfall characteristics targeting urban disaster-induced inundation damage. Based on the South Korean urbanization rate and population, seven target regions were selected. Rainfall by time duration was analyzed with respect to disaster length (number of days) from 2010–2017. The average rainfall for durations from 1–24 h were analyzed according to disaster length (1–13 days). Using the results, an equation was proposed for rainfall estimation by length of disaster resulting in urban inundation damage, through multiple regression analysis. An equation was developed for rainfall-related disaster-prevention in urban areas considering the length of disaster and rainfall duration. This was accomplished by selecting a duration whereby the average rainfall of duration corresponded to 50% of total rainfall during the disaster period.
Youngseok Song; Moojong Park. A Study on Setting Disaster-Prevention Rainfall by Rainfall Duration in Urban Areas Considering Natural Disaster Damage: Focusing on South Korea. Water 2020, 12, 642 .
AMA StyleYoungseok Song, Moojong Park. A Study on Setting Disaster-Prevention Rainfall by Rainfall Duration in Urban Areas Considering Natural Disaster Damage: Focusing on South Korea. Water. 2020; 12 (3):642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoungseok Song; Moojong Park. 2020. "A Study on Setting Disaster-Prevention Rainfall by Rainfall Duration in Urban Areas Considering Natural Disaster Damage: Focusing on South Korea." Water 12, no. 3: 642.
Recently, the Republic of Korea has experienced natural disasters, such as typhoons and heavy rainfall, as well as social accidents, such as large-scale accidents and infectious diseases, which are continuously occurring. Despite repeated disasters, problems such as inefficient early response and overlapping command systems occur continuously. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of disaster management systems by foreign countries, and the status of the damages by disasters for the past 10 years in the Republic of Korea, to suggest possible measures to improve the Republic of Korea’s integrated disaster management system. When a disaster occurs in the Republic of Korea, the Si/Gun/Gu Disaster Safety Measure Headquarters, under the command of the local governments, become the responsible agencies for disaster response while the central government supervises and controls the overall disaster support and disaster management. To improve the current disaster management system, we propose to incorporate all disaster types rather than dividing them by type into natural disasters and social disasters. To improve the disaster response and disaster management system, we propose to restructure the current administrative organization, revise the disaster-related laws, and overcome problems, such as inter-ministerial interconnectivity and overlapping regulation.
Young Seok Song; Moo Jong Park; Jung Ho Lee; Byung Sik Kim; Yang Ho Song. Improvement Measure of Integrated Disaster Management System Considering Disaster Damage Characteristics: Focusing on the Republic of Korea. Sustainability 2020, 12, 340 .
AMA StyleYoung Seok Song, Moo Jong Park, Jung Ho Lee, Byung Sik Kim, Yang Ho Song. Improvement Measure of Integrated Disaster Management System Considering Disaster Damage Characteristics: Focusing on the Republic of Korea. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoung Seok Song; Moo Jong Park; Jung Ho Lee; Byung Sik Kim; Yang Ho Song. 2020. "Improvement Measure of Integrated Disaster Management System Considering Disaster Damage Characteristics: Focusing on the Republic of Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 340.
Damage caused by natural disasters produces the difference of damage size not only according to damage volume or size, but a national economic level. In addition, budgets and aids should be constantly acquired for disaster management since natural disasters sporadically or irregularly occur. This study proposed disaster management methods by countries considering natural disaster damage documents and economic indicators from 1900 to 2017 among 187 countries in the world. It developed a damage prediction formula considering damage documents of previous natural disasters, economic indicators by countries, and basic indicators as disaster management methods by countries. Independent variables of the damage prediction formula include GDP, population, and area. It applied multiple regression analysis and calculated average human losses due to death, human losses affected, and damage costs by countries. Regarding the adjusted R² of the natural disaster damage prediction formula, the human losses from deaths mean was 0.893, the human losses affected mean was 0.915, and the damage costs mean was 0.946, which had higher explanatory powers. Therefore, results from this study are considered to calculate quantitative damage sizes considering uncertain damage sizes of natural disasters, economic indicators by countries, and are used as indicators for disaster management.
Young Seok Song; Moo Jong Park. Development of Damage Prediction Formula for Natural Disasters Considering Economic Indicators. Sustainability 2019, 11, 868 .
AMA StyleYoung Seok Song, Moo Jong Park. Development of Damage Prediction Formula for Natural Disasters Considering Economic Indicators. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):868.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoung Seok Song; Moo Jong Park. 2019. "Development of Damage Prediction Formula for Natural Disasters Considering Economic Indicators." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 868.
In this study, we conduct an estimation study of the damage costs, recovery costs, and human losses in the case of natural disasters in the Republic of Korea. This research method analyzed human losses, damage costs, and recovery costs caused by natural disasters that swept across the Republic of Korea over the past 16 years, from 2000 to 2015, including extreme wind, heavy snowfall, typhoon, wind wave, and heavy rainfall. Damage status and trend of occurrence were reviewed for each year’s human losses, damage costs, and recovery costs. We propose a calculating equation of the linear regression equation that estimates damage costs and recovery costs considering human losses. The correlation coefficient was 0.898 for the estimation of human losses and damage costs, and 0.889 for the estimation of human losses and recovery costs. In addition, the correlation of both equations was found to be 166% of damage costs when calculating recovery costs. The results of this study can be used as descriptive statistical data to estimate damage costs and recovery costs according to human losses in case of natural disasters.
Young Seok Song; Moo Jong Park. A Study on Estimation Equation for Damage and Recovery Costs Considering Human Losses Focused on Natural Disasters in the Republic of Korea. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3103 .
AMA StyleYoung Seok Song, Moo Jong Park. A Study on Estimation Equation for Damage and Recovery Costs Considering Human Losses Focused on Natural Disasters in the Republic of Korea. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoung Seok Song; Moo Jong Park. 2018. "A Study on Estimation Equation for Damage and Recovery Costs Considering Human Losses Focused on Natural Disasters in the Republic of Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3103.