Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type (wt) glioblastoma is an aggressive malignancy associated with poor clinical outcomes, marked by high heterogeneity and resistance to treatment. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of B7-H3 expression in IDH wt glioblastoma and its potential association with clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Additionally, the relationship between B7-H3 and PD-L1 expression was explored. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 86 IDH wt glioblastoma patients, all of whom underwent surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide treatment, was analyzed. B7-H3 expression was quantified using an immunoreactivity score (IRS), classifying samples as low (IRS ≤ 4) or high (IRS > 4). PD-L1 expression was evaluated based on tumor and immune cell staining, with >5% positivity indicating significant expression. Results: High B7-H3 expression was significantly associated with poorer OS and PFS. Co-expression of B7-H3 and PD-L1 was prevalent, particularly among younger male patients with unifocal tumors; however, PD-L1 expression did not show a significant correlation with clinical outcomes. Conclusions: B7-H3 appears to be a promising prognostic biomarker in IDH wt glioblastoma and may serve as a target for developing combination therapies, integrating B7-H3-targeting treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Further prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings and to explore potential therapeutic strategies.

Background: Cardiac tumors are rare neoplasms with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic cases to fatal outcomes. According to the 2021 thoracic tumor classification of the World Health Organization (WHO), papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) is the most common primary cardiac tumor. This study aimed to aggregate and examine data regarding the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and histological results of cardiac tumors. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study was conducted across seven tertiary care institutions and included 274 patients diagnosed with histopathologically confirmed cardiac tumors between January 2013 and December 2024. Results: This study included 274 patients, with an average age of 52.6 ± 16.6 years. Of the study participants, 120 (43.8%) were male and 154 (56.2%) were female. The most prevalent clinical manifestations were dyspnea (43.7%), thoracic pain (22.5%), and cardiac palpitations (21.1%). Echocardiography was the principal diagnostic method, revealing an average tumor size of 3 cm. The most commonly observed mass was cardiac myxoma (CM) in 192 patients (70.1%). The second most frequently detected mass was PFE (28 cases, 10.2%). The third most common cardiac mass was a metastatic tumor (6.9%). Surgical resection was performed in all patients, with infection being the most prevalent consequence, followed by effusion. Conclusions: Cardiac tumors, albeit uncommon, provide considerable diagnostic and treatment difficulties. Our research is founded on an extensive case series that has been histopathologically validated and sourced from various national tertiary centers. This comprehensive dataset offers epidemiological and clinical insights regarding heart tumors in Turkey. Another key finding of our study is that, even though the 5th edition of the 2021 WHO Classification of Thoracic Tumors lists PFE as the most common primary cardiac tumor, myxoma is actually the most common primary cardiac tumor in our study and in many other studies. This finding demonstrates a significant discrepancy between the current international classification and real-world data and suggests that tumor distribution may be related to regional and demographic differences.

Background: Peripheral nerve injury can happen for a variety of causes. Despite major breakthroughs in microsurgery, nerve repair results are not always sufficient. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were split into four groups: primary nerve repair (PNR), PNR with vitamin D3 treatment, nerve crush injury (NCI), and NCI with vitamin D3 treatment. In the PNR + D3 and NCI + D3 groups, 1 mcg/kg of vitamin D3 was given intraperitoneally on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of the 12-week healing period. Electrophysiological measurements were taken prior to the injury. At 12 weeks after damage, a hot plate test was performed to assess acute pain, and the electrophysiological measurements were repeated. Before the rats were sacrificed, biopsy samples from the right sciatic nerve were collected for histopathological evaluation. Results: Post-healing action potential values were not statistically different between the PNR and PNR + D3 groups; however, they were considerably lower in the NCI + D3 group than in the NCI group. The reaction time in the hot plate test was considerably slower in the D3-treated groups compared to the control groups. Histopathology score was substantially higher in the PNR + D3 group as compared to the PNR group, and lower in the NCI + D3 group as compared to the NCI group. Conclusions: Other than improved myelination, vitamin D3 treatment following primary repair of transected nerves produced no statistically significant improvement. Vitamin D3 treatment caused a negative impact on the crush injury, as assessed by the findings of histopathology and electrophysiological measurements. Overall, the results indicate that the efficacy of vitamin D3 treatment may vary depending on the type of injury.