The utilisation of renewable energy sources (RES) in increasing drastically because of various issues including depletion of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and so on. As the power generated from RES is fluctuating in nature, therefore, the appropriate sizing of the hybrid model based on RES is utmost important. In this study, the grey wolf optimisation, a newly developed approach is used for the optimal sizing of the hybrid model. In this work, the optimal design of solar/biomass/biogas/battery‐based hybrid system has been carried out to supply continuous electricity to various households of a cluster of villages of Haryana state of India. The results obtained from the proposed model have been compared with harmony search and particle swarm optimisation and found better.

Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA) is a newly designed meat-heuristic search that mimics the nature of slime mould during the oscillation phase. This is demonstrated in a unique mathematical formulation that utilizes adjustable weights to influence the sequence of both negative and positive propagation waves to develop a method to link food supply with intensive exploration capacity and exploitation affinity. The study shows the usage of the SM algorithm to solve a non-convex and cost-effective Load Dispatch Problem (ELD) in an electric power system. The effectiveness of SMA is investigated for single area economic load dispatch on large-, medium-, and small-scale power systems, with 3-, 5-, 6-, 10-, 13-, 15-, 20-, 38-, and 40-unit test systems, and the results are substantiated by finding the difference between other well-known meta-heuristic algorithms. The SMA is more efficient than other standard, heuristic, and meta-heuristic search strategies in granting extremely ambitious outputs according to the comparison records.

The present manuscript offers a detailed review of literature about the harmonic distortion causes and mitigation methods in modern electrical power systems. Harmonics, which are undesired frequency components in voltage and current waveforms, significantly impact power quality by causing equipment overheating, insulation failure, and increased energy losses. The growing deployment of power electronic devices—such as inverters, rectifiers, and cyclo-converters—has intensified harmonic distortion due to their inherently non-linear switching characteristics. These devices, although vital for controlling voltage, current, and frequency, are extensively used in electric vehicles, Light emitting diode lighting, and especially renewable energy systems, resulting in increased harmonic emissions into the grid. The integration of inverter-based renewable energy sources introduces complex harmonic patterns, altering both the amplitude and frequency spectrum of distortion. These changes challenge compliance with power quality standards and impose additional stress on transmission and distribution infrastructures. To counter these effects, researchers have developed various mitigation techniques. This review comprehensively explored about one hundred research publications from the year 2011 to 2025. The harmonic sources include supply systems, control devices, and non-linear loads to renewable energy systems in electrical networks. Mitigation techniques are classified as active filters, passive filters, hybrid filters, and advanced modulation/control approaches. This study aims to provide a structured and detailed perspective on existing challenges and emerging solutions in harmonic mitigation within renewable-integrated power systems.

The existing slime mould algorithm clones the uniqueness of the phase of oscillation of slime mould conduct and exhibits slow convergence in local search space due to poor exploitation phase. This research work exhibits to discover the best solution for objective function by commingling slime mould algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm for better variation of parameters and named as hybridized slime mould algorithm–simulated annealing algorithm. The simulated annealing algorithm improves and accelerates the effectiveness of slime mould technique as well as assists to take off from the local optimum. To corroborate the worth and usefulness of the introduced strategy, nonconvex, nonlinear, and typical engineering design difficulties were analyzed for standard benchmarks and interdisciplinary engineering design concerns. The proposed technique version is used to evaluate six, five, five unimodal, multimodal and fixed-dimension benchmark functions, respectively, also including 11 kinds of interdisciplinary engineering design difficulties. The technique’s outcomes were compared to the results of other on-hand optimization methods, and the experimental results show that the suggested approach outperforms the other optimization techniques.