Bleeding changes the haemodynamics, compromising organ perfusion. In this study, the effects of bleeding followed by replacement with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES) or lactated Ringer’s (LR) on cerebral oxygenation and electroencephalogram-derived parameters were investigated. Twelve young pigs under propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia were bled 30 mL/kg and, after a 20-minute waiting period, volume replacement was performed with HES (G_HES;N=6) or LR (G_RL;N=6). Bleeding caused a decrease of more than 50% in mean arterial pressure (P<0.01) and a decrease in cerebral oximetry (P=0.039), bispectral index, and electroencephalogram total power (P=0.04andP<0.01, resp.), while propofol plasma concentrations increased (P<0.01). Both solutions restored the haemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation similarly and were accompanied by an increase in electroencephalogram total power. No differences between groups were found. However, one hour after the end of the volume replacement, the cardiac output (P=0.03) and the cerebral oxygenation (P=0.008) decreased in the G_LRand were significantly lower than in G_HES(P=0.02). Volume replacement with HES 130/0.4 was capable of maintaining the cardiac output and cerebral oxygenation during a longer period than LR and caused a decrease in the propofol plasma concentrations.

A 7-y-old male neutered crossbreed dog was presented to a veterinary referral hospital with a 9-mo history of progressive non-ambulatory tetraparesis. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study revealed multiple T2-weighted hyperintense intradural nodular lesions within the cervical spinal cord and nerves that were contrast-enhancing in T1-weighted post-contrast images. Neurologic signs progressed despite steroid treatment and a second MRI revealed slight enlargement of the previously seen lesions. The dog was euthanized due to severe neurologic signs. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (laminin, S100, SOX10) confirmed multiple spindle-cell tumors from cervical spinal nerves, consistent with schwannomas. Neoplastic cells occasionally contained a large, clear vacuole (lipoblast-like change). The clinical and pathologic presentation resembles schwannomatosis, a hereditary condition in humans.