Gels are semisolid, homogeneous systems with continuous or discrete therapeutic molecules in a suitable lipophilic or hydrophilic three-dimensional network base. Innovative gel systems possess multipurpose applications in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and so forth. Formulating a gel-based delivery system is simple and the delivery system enables the release of loaded therapeutic molecules. Furthermore, it facilitates the delivery of molecules via various routes as these gel-based systems offer proximal surface contact between a loaded therapeutic molecule and an absorption site. In the past decade, researchers have potentially explored and established a significant understanding of gel-based delivery systems for drug delivery. Subsequently, they have enabled the prospects of developing novel gel-based systems that illicit drug release by specific biological or external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, enzymes, ultrasound, antigens, etc. These systems are considered smart gels for their broad applications. This review reflects the significant role of advanced gel-based delivery systems for various therapeutic benefits. This detailed discussion is focused on strategies for the formulation of different novel gel-based systems, as well as it highlights the current research trends of these systems and patented technologies.

Lipid-based Nanoparticles (LBNPs) have emerged as a transformative approach in cancer treatment, offering innovative drug delivery solutions that enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. By exploring the characterization, classification, synthesis, targeting strategies, and advantages of LBNPs, this study highlights how LBNPs have been used to overcome the limitations of traditional chemotherapy and improve patient outcomes. As nanotechnology revolutionizes cancer therapy, the emergence of LBNPs as a promising strategy for targeted drug delivery has led to optimism regarding the future of cancer treatment. This review extensively assesses the structure, categories, production methods, targeting strategies, benefits, and recent advancements in LBNPs for treating cancer. It also highlights current challenges and possible future directions. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of LBNPs’ potential in cancer therapy. Liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles are all types of LBNPs, each with unique features of interest for cancer therapy. These particles can be synthesized through various procedures, such as bulk nanoprecipitation, solvent-based emulsification, or microfluidics. Passive targeting systems, active targeting systems, and responsive delivery platforms direct LBNPs to tumors. Consequently, LBNPs provide an improved drug release pattern that minimizes side effects while enhancing therapeutic efficacy. With the potential for combination therapy, LBNPs offer a hopeful future for cancer treatment. Continued research is expected to improve patient outcomes and overall quality of life in cancer care.

Background: Nano-structured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as a significant advancement in lipid-based drug delivery systems. Compared to Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), NLCs offer improved drug loading capacity, stability, and controlled release profiles. Objective: This review article explores the structural and functional benefits of NLCs, their enhanced bioavailability, and their potential in targeted therapeutic agent delivery. Methodology: We investigated the unique combination of solid and liquid lipids in NLCs, which creates an internal structure for improved drug encapsulation and sustained release. Various methods were analyzed for their contribution to NLC efficacy, including high-pressure homogenization and solvent emulsification. Results and Discussion: NLCs demonstrated encapsulation efficiency ranging from 85–95%, with particle sizes between 100–300 nm. Drug release was sustained over 24 hours, affirming their effectiveness in controlled drug delivery. Applications of NLCs were highlighted across diverse delivery modes, including topical, pulmonary, oral, parenteral, and ocular. Challenges such as scaling production, overcoming biological barriers, and ensuring regulatory compliance were also addressed. Conclusion: NLCs present a promising future in pharmaceutical sciences, with the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes in complex diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Continued research into NLC formulations is critical for advancing patient outcomes and addressing global health challenges.

Neurologic disorders currently affect approximately 100 million people worldwide. Neurologic disorders most often occur due to inherent genetic mutations, which lead to numerous types of functional disruptions in nervous system development. Neurologic disease-related events, such as genetic and epigenetic changes, cause inflammatory processes in the area which may enhance the disease cycle. Gene therapy has progressed to a compelling therapeutic approach for various neurodegenerative disorders. Several efforts to enhance gene therapy rely on discovering novel vectors, recent curative targets, and the dependability of transgenic delivery paths. These viral and non-viral vectors techniques are carefully screened through preclinical and clinical levels and eventually render patients with effective therapies. This review addresses gene therapy developments and obstacles for neurodegenerative diseases and discusses emerging strategies, goals, and prospects.