Background: Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is rare. There are no standard treatments due to its rarity and few clinical trials.Methods: The objective of this multicenter study was to investigate treatment outcomes of Korean patients with advanced/metastatic EMPD. Data were collected retrospectively from 14 institutions participating in Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) Rare Cancer Committee.Results: A total of 37 patients were identified. Of these 37 patients, 6 received locoregional therapy as a first‐line treatment. In 31 patients who received systemic chemotherapy as a first‐line treatment, platinum‐based chemotherapy (n = 22) achieved an objective response rate (ORR) of 45.5% and a median progression‐free survival (PFS) of 7.89 months. Taxane‐based chemotherapy (n = 8) achieved an objective response rate of 62.5% and median PFS of 9.73 months. In second‐line chemotherapy, platinum‐based chemotherapy (n = 4) had a disease control rate (DCR) of 75.0% and median PFS of 3.45 months. Taxane‐based chemotherapy (n = 8) had a DCR of 75.0% and a median PFS of 8.67 months. Six patients received anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody during first‐ and second‐line chemotherapy. Overall, systemic chemotherapy combined with anti‐HER2 antibody had an ORR of 100% and a median PFS of 13.31 months. The ORR and PFS with systemic chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab was better than platinum‐ and taxane‐based chemotherapy only.Conclusions: Due to its rarity, advanced or metastatic EMPD still has no established standard treatment. Results of our study indicate that the combination of trastuzumab with taxane has longer survival than trastuzumab monotherapy or conventional platinum‐ or taxane‐based chemotherapy.

An 80-year-old female with complaints of right-sided nose blockage and occasional epistaxis for several months was referred to Sanggye Paik Hospital (Seoul, Korea). Nasal examination revealed a hemorrhagic mass protruding towards the right posterior nasal cavity, for which the patient was subjected to excisional biopsy. The pathological diagnosis was epithelial‑myoepithelial carcinoma, as immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the inner cells stained positive for cytokeratin 7, an epithelial cell marker, whereas the outer cells stained positive for smooth muscle actin and P63, consistent with a myoepithelial phenotype. The patient received concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by systemic chemotherapy. Following the achievement of a partial response, the patient's treatment course was uneventful. Follow‑up at 24 months revealed a stable status at partial response, with no subsequent progression.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally occurs on the background of chronic liver disease. Chronic hepatitides B and C and alcoholic liver disease are well-known risk factors for HCC, and it is uncommon in noncirrhotic liver. Extrahepatic metastasis seldom occurs in patients with early stage intrahepatic HCC and isolated bone metastases as a first documented extrahepatic metastasis is unusual presentation. In this report, we present a rare case of small solitary HCC (<3 cm) in noncirrhotic liver, presenting isolated bone metastases as a sole manifestation in patient with no well-known risk factors. This case suggests that HCC should be considered as one of differential diagnoses in patient presenting with multiple bone metastases, even in the absence of liver cirrhosis.

Lentinula edodes extracts are used by cancer patients as alternative or complementary therapies; however, no systematic review has evaluated their actual benefits. We searched several databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, AMED, and KoreanMed) and included studies comparing groups receiving L. edodes extracts alongside standard treatment with those receiving standard treatment alone. A total of 22 trials involving 1,723 cancer patients were included. Of these, 13 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nine were controlled non-randomized trials (NRTs). In the analysis of the 13 RCTs, the L. edodes group showed a better response rate than the control group (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.07; P = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups (hazards ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.34–1.28; P = 0.22). There was also no difference in the incidence of hematological or non-hematological adverse events (AEs) between the groups. Similarly, no significant difference in overall quality of life (QoL) was observed (standard mean difference, 0.23; 95% CI [-0.16, 0.62]; P = 0.25). In the nine NRTs, the L. edodes group demonstrated favorable outcomes in tumor response and QoL ( P < 0.05). This review found that L. edodes extracts were associated with improved tumor response. However, these results have many limitations and do not translate into improved survival. Additionally, no differences were found in AEs or QoL. Overall, the evidence does not support clear recommendations, and more high-quality, well-designed randomized trials are needed.