Experimental research of the moisture sorption process of 12 typical filaments used for FFF was performed in atmospheres with a relative humidity from 16 to 97% at room temperature. Materials with high moisture sorption capacity were revealed. Fick’s diffusion model was applied to all tested materials, and a set of sorption parameters was found. The solution of Fick’s second equation for the two-dimensional cylinder was obtained in series form. Moisture sorption isotherms were obtained and classified. Moisture diffusivity dependence on relative humidity was evaluated. The diffusion coefficient was independent of the relative humidity of the atmosphere for six materials. It essentially decreased for four materials and grew for the other two. Swelling strain changed linearly with the moisture content of the materials and reached up to 0.5% for some of them. The degree of degradation of the elastic modulus and the strength of the filaments due to moisture absorption were estimated. All tested materials were classified as having a low (changes ca. 2–4% or less), moderate (5–9%), or high sensitivity to water (more than 10%) by their reduction in mechanical properties. This reduction in stiffness and strength with absorbed moisture should be considered for responsible applications.

The aim of the research was to estimate the effect of core–shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles on the tensile properties, fracture toughness, and glass transition temperature of the epoxy and epoxy-based carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Three additives containing CSR nanoparticles were used for the research resulting in a filler fraction of 2–6 wt.% in the epoxy resin. It was experimentally confirmed that the effect of the CSR nanoparticles on the tensile properties of the epoxy resin was notable, leading to a reduction of 10–20% in the tensile strength and elastic modulus and an increase of 60–108% in the fracture toughness for the highest filler fraction. The interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP was maximally improved by 53% for ACE MX 960 at CSR content 4 wt.%. The glass transition temperature of the epoxy was gradually improved by 10–20 °C with the increase of CSR nanoparticles for all of the additives. A combination of rigid and soft particles could simultaneously enhance both the tensile properties and the fracture toughness, which cannot be achieved by the single-phase particles independently.

This article explores the viscoelastic properties of polyethylene terephthalate glycol samples created by fused filament fabrication, emphasising the anisotropy introduced during fabrication. The samples were fabricated with filament direction within samples aligned along the principal axis or perpendicular. A group of samples was loaded with constant stress for 5 h, and a recovery phase with no applied stress was observed. Another group of samples was loaded for 20 h without an additional deformation recovery phase. The continuous constant stress application results on the sample were analysed, and an overall effect of anisotropy on the samples was observed. Several models describing viscoelastic deformation were considered to adhere to experimental data, with the Prony series and general cubic theory models used in the final analysis. The models could describe experimental results up to 50% and 70% of sample strength, respectively. The analysis confirmed the nonlinear behaviour of printed samples under constant stress and the significant effect of anisotropy introduced by the 3D printing process on the material’s elastic properties. The viscoelastic properties in both directions were described using the same parameters.