The poultry farming industry encounters considerable obstacles stemming from viral diseases, resulting in elevated mortality rates and substantial economic losses. Current research highlights the significant involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the interactions between hosts and pathogens by enhancing antiviral responses at different levels, such as the activation of pathogen recognition receptors, as well as through epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional modifications. Specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including ERL lncRNA, linc-GALMD3, and loc107051710, have been recognized as significant contributors to the antiviral immune response to multiple avian viral pathogens. Understanding the mechanisms by which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act offers valuable insights into prospective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches aimed at improving disease resistance in poultry. Differentially expressed lncRNAs may also be utilized as biomarkers for both prognosis and diagnosis of avian viral diseases. This review delves into the various roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the context of viral diseases in chickens, such as avian leukosis, Marek’s disease, infectious bursal disease, avian influenza, infectious bronchitis, and Newcastle disease. It highlights the pivotal role of lncRNAs in the complex dynamics between the host and viral pathogens, particularly their interactions with specific viral proteins. Understanding these interactions may provide valuable insights into the spatial and temporal regulation of lncRNAs, aid in the identification of potential drug targets, and reveal the expression patterns of lncRNA and coding gene transcripts in response to different viral infections in avian species.

Poultry farming faces significant challenges due to viral diseases, which lead to high mortality and economic losses. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in the host immune response to viral infections. This review explores the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in chicken viral diseases, including avian leukosis, Marek’s disease, infectious bursal disease, avian influenza, infectious bronchitis, and Newcastle disease. LncRNAs influence gene expression at various levels, such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional modifications. They interact with viral and host genes, modulating immune responses and viral replication processes. Specific lncRNAs, such as ERL lncRNA, linc-GALMD3, and loc107051710, have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis and immune response to these viral infections. Understanding the mechanisms of lncRNA action provides insights into potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to enhance disease resistance in poultry. This review highlights the importance of lncRNAs in the complex interplay between host and virus, paving the way for future research and applications in poultry health management.