The construction industry faces multiple challenges, where transition to circular production is key. Digitalisation is a strategy to increase the sector’s productivity, competitiveness, and efficiency. However, digitalisation also impacts environmental goals, such as those concerning more eco-friendly solutions, energy efficiency, products recycling, and sustainability certifications. These strategies rely on data, understood as digital, interoperable, incremental and traceable. Data related concepts, such as digital data templates (DDT) and digital building logbooks (DBL), contribute to “good data”. Despite some research focused on each one, little importance has yet been given to their combination. Relevant relationships and overlaps exist, as they partially share the exact same data through the built environment life cycle. This research aims to provide improved understanding on the role of these concepts and their contribution to a more circular industry. The review develops conceptualisations where DDT and DBL are complementary and framed within an incremental digital twin construction (DTC). Misconceptions or confrontations between these three solutions can therefore stand down, for the benefit of a data-driven priority. To increase understanding and reduce misconceptions, our study developed the “Digital data-driven concept” (D3c). This concept contribution is the ability to structure, store, and trace data, opening way to streamlined digital transformation impacting circular built environment concerns.

ECPPM 2022 - eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction contains the papers presented at the 14th European Conference on Product & Process Modelling (ECPPM 2022, Trondheim, Norway, 14-16 September 2022), and builds on a long-standing history of excellence in product and process modelling in the construction industry, which is currently known as Building Information Modelling (BIM). The following topics and applications are given special attention: Sustainable and Circular Driven Digitalisation: Data Driven Design and/or Decision Support Assessment and Documentation of Sustainability Information lifecycle Data Management: Collection, Processing and Presentation of Environmental Product Documentation (EPD) and Product Data Templates (PDT) Digital Enabled Collaboration: Integrated and Multi-Disciplinary Processes Virtual Design and Construction (VDC): Production Metrics, Integrated Concurrent Engineering, Lean Construction and Information Integration Automation of Processes: Automation of Design and Engineering Processes, Parametric Modelling and Robotic Process Automation Expert Systems: BIM based model and compliance checking Enabling Technologies: Machine Learning, Big Data, Artificial and Augmented Intelligence, Digital Twins, Semantic Technology Sensors and IoT Production with Autonomous Machinery, Robotics and Combinations of Existing and New Technical Solutions Frameworks for Implementation: International Information Management Series (ISO 19650), and Other International Standards (ISO), European (CEN) and National Standards, Digital Platforms and Ecosystems Human Factors in Digital Application: Digital Innovation, Economy of Digitalisation, Client, Organisational, Team and/or Individual Perspectives Over the past 25 years, the biennial ECPPM conference proceedings series has provided researchers and practitioners with a unique platform to present and discuss the latest developments regarding emerging BIM technologies and complementary issues for their adoption in the AEC/FM industry.

This chapter explores the transformation of legal requirements, specifically performance-based regulations, into computable rules for automated compliance checking (ACC) through Building Information Modeling. It addresses interpretative challenges associated with performance-based regulations in specifying computable rules. This study examines how methods from legal science can be applied in a manner that is adaptable to the engineering mindset. It starts with describing the role that Common law versus Civil law plays in the processing of rules. It then continues to explore the following methods and principles for legal reasoning that support the process of interpreting requirements into computable rules. This study starts by presenting general principles for defining the scope for digital validation systems in relation to “legal” constraints. This emphasizes Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency in legal science. This is especially relevant in interpreting performance-based requirements. The following principle presented is the European Interoperability Framework, followed by the Tx3 framework, which identifies the “Transcribe–Transform–Transfer” capability of requirements to determine the type of legal challenges that must be addressed before technical development. The awareness and applicability of proposed methods or principles are expected to increase the number of requirements implemented in ACC solutions. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->

Despite significant advancements in Automatic Compliance Checking (ACC), widespread practical implementation remains limited, particularly for qualitative and performance-based requirements, due to interpretative ambiguities. This study addresses this challenge by integrating legal reasoning methods and legal informatics principles into the interpretation process, with a particular focus on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT) principles to bridge the technical-legal gap in interpreting requirements into computable rules. Utilizing a combination of literature review and case studies, the research examines three ISO standards (ISO/DIS 15686-3 (ISO/DIS 15686-3 Buildings and constructed assets—Service life planning—Part 3: Methods, data and communication), ISO 15686-5 (ISO 15686-5:2017 Buildings and constructed assets—Service life planning—Part 5: Life-cycle costing), ISO 16745-1 (ISO 16745-1:2017 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works—Carbon metric of an existing building during use stage—Part 1: Calculation, reporting and communication)), analyzing their computability through the application of FAT principles. This includes emphasizing unbiased assessment as “Fairness”, clear “Accountability” structures, and “Transparent” decision-making processes. Studies by use of the Transcribe–Transform–Transfer (Tx3) framework and the Test Indicator Objective (TIO) methodology indicate a notable reduction in non-computable requirements, exemplified by an increase from 57 to 83% of automated processing of requirements in the ISO 21542:2011 standard. Findings underscore the effectiveness of the Tx3 framework, TIO methodology, and FAT principles in addressing critical interpretative challenges, significantly enhancing the reliability, transparency, and acceptability of computational compliance checks. Integrating legal reasoning and informatics principles has the capability to significantly influence the critical early phases in the development of ACC solutions.