Background & Aims: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remains a highly lethal malignancy with limited therapeutic options, primarily due to the absence of reliable prognostic biomarkers. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity and has potential as both a prognostic marker and a predictor of immunotherapy response. This study aimed to identify ICD-related hub genes and establish a robust prognostic gene signature for PAAD using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).

Background & Aims: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play a central role in intercellular communication, have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for both diagnosis and prognosis. This study aimed to identify EV-related genes, construct a more accurate prognostic model using data from multiple databases, and explore the functional roles of key genes in PAAD.