The study examined the mediating roles of adaptive leadership in the relationship between financial technology innovation and rural bank performance. A survey-based research approach was applied, and the hypotheses were tested using a sample of 305 respondents. A measurement model was employed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scales used in the study. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships and test the mediation effects. The empirical findings support the hypothesized relationship between both financial technology innovation and the director’s individual performance on rural bank performance. Adaptive leadership was found not to mediate the association between financial technology innovation and rural bank performance. The research highlights the importance of financial technology innovation and individual director performance in enhancing rural bank performance. Furthermore, the findings support the notion that developing financial technology innovation is crucial for fostering adaptive leadership. Additionally, adaptive leadership contributes to strengthening director individual performance, which ultimately drives overall performance improvements in rural banks. The integration of these variables offers new empirical insights. It expands the understanding of rural bank performance, highlighting how internal capabilities can be optimized to improve organizational outcomes in this under-researched sector.

This article presents a comprehensive dataset derived from financial reports and official banking disclosures (PT Komunal’s backend database, specifically from https://depositobpr.id/), focusing on long-term deposit trends. The dataset includes 608 weekly observations of deposit rates and across four depositor types: corporate, rural banks (BPR), high-net-worth individuals (HNWI), and retail customers. Additionally, this study provides a statistical analysis of deposit activities within each depositor type at a leading bank in Indonesia. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to examine differences in deposit amounts among depositor types. Further analysis included Duncan's multiple range test to identify significant differences, revealing that BPR held the highest deposit amounts.

The small business enterprise sector (SME) has a significant role in the development of the national economy. However, the existence of small businesses is inseparable from a number of problems they face, namely the problem of capital and the difficulty of access to sources of financing from formal financial institutions, especially banks, and the small opportunity to get business opportunities. Rural Banks have a very important role in overcoming capital problems faced by businesses in Indonesia so researchers are motivated to conduct research on Rural Banks in applying financial technology. The Sources of data in this study come from observations and interviews conducted using semi-structured interviews to obtain the necessary information on whether the directors of Rural banks are able to adapt to fintech. With this research, it will answer how the application of fintech will improve the performance of Rural banks through aspects of individual performance and Rural bank performance itself.