Despite the often nonspecific findings of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of this rare entity. Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is a rare subtype in the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), which also includes Ewing sarcoma of bone (ESB) and, more recently, primitive neuroectodermal tumor...

Abdominal wall masses, masslike lesions, and diffuse processes are common and often incidental findings at cross-sectional imaging. Distinguishing among these types of masses on the basis of imaging features alone can be challenging. The authors present a diagnostic algorithm that may help in distinguishing different types of abdominal wall masses accurately. Hernias may mimic discrete masses at clinical examination, and imaging is often ordered for evaluation of a possible abdominal wall mass. Once a discrete mass is confirmed to be present, the next step is to determine if it is a fat-containing, cystic, or solid mass. The most common fat-containing masses are lipomas. Fluid or cystic masses include postoperative abscesses, seromas, and rectus sheath hematomas. Solid masses are the most common abdominal wall masses and include desmoid tumors, sarcomas, endometriomas, and metastases. Multiple masses and other diffuse abdominal wall processes are often manifestations of an underlying condition or insult. The most frequently found diffuse processes are multiple injection granulomas from administration of subcutaneous medication. This article offers an algorithmic approach to characterizing abdominal wall masses on the basis of their composition and reviews abdominal wall diffuse processes. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ^©RSNA, 2020.

Radiology plays a significant role in the diagnosis and management of multiple clinical syndromes that are included in the 2018 International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classificat... Vascular anomalies encompass a spectrum of tumors and malformations that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in children and adults. Use of the International Society for the Study of Vasc...

Urologic evaluation of urinary bladder masses frequently involves multimodality imaging and is aided by an understanding of the anatomy of the urinary bladder and the corresponding histologic chara... Urinary bladder masses are commonly encountered in clinical practice, with 95% arising from the epithelial layer and rarer tumors arising from the lamina propria, muscularis propria, serosa, and ad...

Location, morphology, and patterns of calcification in the abdomen and pelvis can be used to diagnose various benign and malignant pathologic conditions. Intra-abdominal calcifications are common. Multiple pathologic processes manifest within the abdomen and pelvis in association with calcifications, which can be benign, premalignant, or malignant. ...

Although maintaining high fluid intake is an effective low-risk intervention for the secondary prevention of urinary stone disease, many patients with stones do not increase their fluid intake. We describe the rationale and design of the Prevention of Urinary Stones With Hydration (PUSH) Study, a randomized trial of a multicomponent behavioral intervention program to increase and maintain high fluid intake. Participants are randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to the intervention or control arm. The target sample size is 1,642 participants. Adults and adolescents 12 years and older with a symptomatic stone history and low urine volume are eligible. Exclusion criteria include infectious or monogenic causes of urinary stone disease and comorbid conditions precluding increased fluid intake. All participants receive usual care and a smart water bottle with smartphone application. Participants in the intervention arm receive a fluid intake prescription and an adaptive program of behavioral interventions, including financial incentives, structured problem solving, and other automated adherence interventions. Control arm participants receive guideline-based fluid instructions. The primary end point is recurrence of a symptomatic stone during 24 months of follow-up. Secondary end points include changes in radiographic stone burden, 24-hour urine output, and urinary symptoms. Periodic 24-hour urine volumes may not fully reflect daily behavior. With its highly novel features, the PUSH Study will address an important health care problem. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT03244189.