Mindfulness has been associated with fewer negative mental health symptoms during adolescence, but fewer studies have examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms in conjunction with two vulnerability factors for psychopathology with mindfulness: rumination and impulsivity. This study examined longitudinal associations between internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress), mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity over a one-year period among 352 Spanish adolescents (57.4% girls; M = 14.47, SD = 1.34). Participants completed self-reported measures of symptoms, mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity at two time points. Mindfulness negatively predicted stress and depressive symptoms, and a bidirectional negative association was found between mindfulness and impulsivity. Impulsivity positively predicted stress, and anxiety positively predicted depressive symptoms, stress, and rumination. This study highlights the importance of mindfulness as a protective factor and impulsivity and anxiety as risk factors for internalizing symptoms throughout adolescence. These findings build on previous studies that examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms by including rumination and impulsivity’s roles.

This study examined the association between mindfulness and engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (ENSSI) and whether emotion dysregulation explains this association. A secondary objective was to explore the difference between participants who engaged in a suicide attempt and those who only engaged in non-suicidal self-injury. A sample of 201 psychiatric patients (62.7% female; age range: 18-71 years old) participated in the study. The path analysis indicated that trait mindfulness was negatively associated with all emotion dysregulation dimensions and that one of these dimensions, impulse control difficulty, was associated with higher ENSSI. Moreover, impulse control difficulty was associated with increased odds of having attempted suicide. These findings suggest that mindfulness is a relevant construct to ENSSI with and without a suicide attempt. Future studies should investigate mindfulness-based interventions for ENSSI and the role played by the capacity to control impulses when experiencing negative emotions.

Few studies have examined the protective factors that contribute to reducing long-term involvement in cyberbullying (CB). This study examined whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with the reduced stability over time (i.e., long-term involvement) of CB victimization and perpetration and with the lower reciprocity of both. This was a three-wave longitudinal study spaced 6 months apart. The sample consisted of 985 high school students from the Basque Country (Spain). The participants completed a mindfulness measure at time one and measures of CB victimization and perpetration at three time points. Dispositional mindfulness was negatively associated with both CB victimization and CB perpetration over time. The predictive association between CB victimization and perpetration was reciprocal from time two to time three. Moreover, the interaction between dispositional mindfulness and CB victimization indicated that victimization was less stable over time when mindfulness was higher. The model was invariant across gender or age. The results indicate that CB is a long-term problem and that dispositional mindfulness can be beneficial because it predicts a lower frequency of CB victimization and perpetration over time.