Although safe and fast, air travel can cause problems in diabetic passengers and pilots. In fact, most diabetes-related emergencies can be prevented during the flight. Diabetic passengers and pilots can fly safely with proper control and planning. In this review, we have discussed in detail the negativities caused by flights in diabetic passengers and pilots and some issues to be considered during and after the flight.

Introduction: The right heart is more unknown than the left heart, because of less research. With it, its importance is understood, when right heart related diseases are considered. The relation between coronary vascularity and cardiac function is indisputable. There are no research about the effect of coronary dominance, that is anatomical variation merely, upon cardiac function. We investigated difference of right or left domination on right ventricle functions using echocardiography. Patients and Methods: Working group was contained patients who is done coronary angiography with any indication. Patients were categorized right dominant and non-dominant on coronary angiography. At the same time, the origin of posterior descending artery was determined. There were 2 groups and each of them had 40 patients. Patients who had >50% stenosis on coronary arteries, myocardial infarct previously, cardiac valve disease, chronic obstructive lung disease and pulmoner embolism in past were excluded. Right ventricle functions were investigated using Echocardiography by the same operator. The results were evaluated and calculated average value by two different operators. We used Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U Test in evaluation of statistics. Results: There was no difference between groups in terms of the right ventricular functions; TAPSE (26.47 ± 3.39 vs 25.31 ± 5.19 p= 0.096), FAC (43.19 ± 9.18 vs 47.5 ± 10.7 p= 0.720), GLS by STE (20.55 ± 4.033 vs 19.73 ± 4.71 p= 0.451), RIMP (53.84 ± 11.2 vs 52.93 ± 9.01 p= 0.947). Conclusion: The effect of right coronary artery dominance on right ventricle functions was not obtained significant.

Background: There is insufficient data in the literature on the relationship between carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) measured in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of cIMT value on long-term mortality in patients with NSTEMI. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 279 patients with NSTEMI. In addition to clinical, demographic, laboratory, and angiographic investigations, cIMT, femoral IMT (fIMT), and aortic IMT (aIMT) were measured by B-mode ultrasonography. All patients received follow-up evaluation for CV mortality. The patients were grouped as with and without mortality. Results: Patients with NSTEMI received follow-up evaluations for 7.51 ± 0.85 years and 77 (27.6%) patients had mortality. Age, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cIMT, aIMT, fIMT, and SYNTAX score values were significantly higher in patients with mortality compared to patients without mortality. Hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly lower in patients with mortality compared to patients without mortality. In multivariate analysis, cIMT, age, and creatinine level were found to be independent predictors of mortality. Among these parameters, an increase in age (each year), carotid IMT (each 0.1 mm), and serum creatinine (each 0.1 mg/L) levels predicted an increase in mortality by 8%, 46.5%, and 12.6%, respectively. In ROC analysis, age, cIMT, and creatinine level were found to determine the development of mortality due to NSTEMI with acceptable sensitivity and specificity when an age of 65 years, 0.80 mm, and 0.90 mg/L were taken as cut-off values, respectively. Discussion: In patients with NSTEMI, cIMT measurement is independently associated with the development of long-term mortality.