Background Though in facial plastic surgery, the ideal nasal characteristics are defined by average European-American facial features known as neoclassical cannons, many ethnicities do not perceive these characteristics as suitable. Methods To investigate the preferences for nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle, dorsal height, alar width, and nasal tip projection, manipulated pictures of one male and one female model were shown to 203 volunteer patients from a tertiary university hospital's facial plastic clinic. Results The most esthetically preferred nasofrontal angles were 137.64 ± 4.20 degrees for males and 133.55 ± 4.53 degrees for females. Acute nasofrontal angles were more desirable in participants aged 25 to 44. The most preferred nasolabial angles were 107.56 ± 5.20 degrees and 98.92 ± 4.88 degrees, respectively. Volunteers aged 19 to 24 preferred more acute male nasolabial angles. A straight dorsum was the most desirable in both genders (0.03 ± 0.78 and 0.26 ± 0.75 mm, respectively). The ideal male and female alar widths were –0.51 ± 2.26 and –1.09 ± 2.18 mm, respectively. More 45- to 64-year-old volunteers preferred alar widths equal to intercanthal distance. The ideal female and male tip projections were 0.57 ± 0.01 and 0.56 ± 0.01, respectively. Conclusion Results indicate that the general Iranian patients prefer thinner female noses with wider nasofrontal angles for both genders. However, the ideal nasolabial angles, dorsal heights, and tip projections were consistent with the neoclassical cannons. Besides ethnic differences, the trend of nasal beauty is also affected by gender, age, and prior history of esthetic surgery.

Seyed Mohammad Reza Nejatollahi, Yazdan Abdolmohammadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Arman Hasanzade, Fatemeh Hosseini, Arshia Mohseni, Shadi Shafaghi, Mojtaba Mokhber Dezfuli, Fariba Ghorbani. Korean J Transplant 2023;37:241-9. https://doi.org/10.4285/kjt.23.0049

Background: Lithium, commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorders, is primarily known for causing neurological and renal side effects. However, cardiac side effects are rarely reported. Case Summary: We present a case of chronic lithium toxicity in an 80‐year‐old woman. The patient was admitted to the emergency room due to loss of consciousness. Initial evaluation revealed severe sinus bradycardia as a presentation of sinus node dysfunction on the electrocardiogram, prompting the insertion of a pacemaker. During her admission to the critical care unit, it was discovered that the patient had been undergoing long‐term lithium treatment without medical supervision. The serum lithium level confirmed lithium intoxication. Following the discontinuation of lithium, both neurological and cardiac manifestations of lithium toxicity resolved. After the pacemaker was removed, the patient was discharged in stable condition. Discussion: Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, which can lead to toxicity in the absence of routine monitoring. Lithium toxicity can cause serious cardiac effects and rhythm disturbances that are often overlooked because these manifestations are rare. Cardiac manifestations include arrhythmias, bradycardia, collapse, hypotension, myocardial infarction, and even death. Additionally, lithium toxicity can present with various electrocardiographic abnormalities such as T‐wave inversion, sinoatrial block, PR interval prolongation, QT prolongation/dispersion, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Clinicians should be aware of the potential cardiac effects of lithium toxicity and consider it in patients undergoing lithium treatment. A thorough understanding of these manifestations is essential, as the wide range of symptoms can be misleading without adequate knowledge.