Superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings, prepared using adhesive and fillers, offer advantages including ease of fabrication and suitability for large-scale applications, but compared with other types of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces, poor durability still limits these surfaces from practical applications. The utilization of micro/nanoscale particles with both intrinsic hydrophobicity and robust mechanical properties to prepare coatings should significantly contribute to enhanced durability. Herein, rough and hydrophobic particles with micro/nano hierarchical structures were prepared at first, and robust superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated using the prepared particles and additional nanoparticles. The initially prepared particles formed a rough framework of the coating, while additional nanoparticles provided inevitable nanoscale structures. A series of mechanical tests were carried out to validate the durability, and the surface with 20 wt.% NPs exhibited the best performance, withstanding 30 tape peeling tests, a 2.47 m sandpaper rubbing test (at a pressure of 5 kPa), the impact of 200 g of grit dropped from a height of 20 cm, and a 2 h acidic immersion. These appealing materials may attract attention for self-cleaning, high-speed water impact resistance, anti-icing, and anti-fouling applications in the coatings industry.

Lightning overvoltage is an unavoidable phenomenon in modern power transmission systems and can lead to power cut-off accidents. Fortunately, with the advent of arc blowout devices (ABDs), the power line trip-out rate has been effectively reduced. However, no platform exists to determine the operational conditions of an ABD. Thus, we have developed and successfully implemented a smart online ABD monitoring system to monitor multiple operational conditions of an ABD. Based on a micro-to-host network architecture, the ABD monitor consists of a data transfer unit, a main node, and multiple subnodes. Combining regional and wide area communication network technologies, sensor data can be efficiently delivered with a special stochastic relay algorithm. Once an ABD trigger event occurs, real-time ABD information will be sent out automatically within a period of heartbeat signal to avoid electromagnetic interference (EMI). We prototyped the ABD monitor with a low-cost 2.4-GHz device and tested it with high-voltage experiments. With the application of a stochastic relay algorithm-based approach to EMI avoidance, the system is demonstrated to be a cost-effective and reliable platform suitable for use with ABDs.

Lubricant delivery and transfer-film formation govern friction and wear in enclosed sliding contacts, yet these buried interfacial processes are difficult to monitor. Oil-loaded microcapsules can supply lubricants to self-lubricating fabric composite liners, but their release behavior is usually optically silent. Here, we report an optically self-reporting microcapsule strategy for AF/PTFE fabric composites, in which dodecyl-chain-modified carbon quantum dots (CQDs-C12) were dispersed in PAO4 and encapsulated in SiO2 microcapsules as fluorescent lubricant reservoirs. During ball-on-disk sliding, local contact stresses triggered the release of CQDs-C12/PAO4 into the wear track. The normalized integrated fluorescence area provided a semi-quantitative optical indication of the cumulative release and accumulation of the fluorescent lubricant phase. The optimized CD–MCs /Fabric achieved a friction coefficient of 0.085 and a wear volume of 1.03 × 10-10 m3, which were 61.7% and 44.5% lower than those of Pure Fabric, respectively. SEM/EDS, Raman, XPS and cross-sectional FIB-TEM analyses confirmed the formation of a continuous multi-component tribofilm on the steel counterpart, which reduced direct fabric/steel contact and interfacial shear. This work couples optical release reporting with tribofilm-mediated lubrication, providing a route toward observable self-lubricating fabric composites for enclosed sliding contacts.

Hydrodynamic slamming loads during water landing are one of the main concerns for the structural design and wave resistance performance of large amphibious aircraft. However, current existing sensors are not used for full-scale hydrodynamic load flight tests on complex models due to their large size, fragility, intrusiveness, limited range, frequency response limitations, accuracy issues, and low sampling frequency. Fibre-optic sensors’ small size, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and reduced susceptibility to environmental disturbances have led to their progressive development in maritime and aeronautic fields. This research proposes a novel hydrodynamic profile encapsulation method using ultra-thin surface-mounted micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) fibre-optic Fabry–Pérot pressure sensors (total thickness of 1 mm). The proposed sensor exhibits an exceptional linear response and low-temperature sensitivity in hydrostatic calibration tests and shows superior response and detection accuracy in water-entry tests of wedge-shaped bodies. This work exhibits significant potential for the in situ monitoring of hydrodynamic loads during water landing, contributing to the research of large amphibious aircraft. Furthermore, this research demonstrates, for the first time, the proposed surface-mounted pressure sensor in conjunction with a high-speed acquisition system for the in situ monitoring of hydrodynamic pressure on the hull of a large amphibious prototype. Following flight tests, the sensors remained intact throughout multiple high-speed hydrodynamic taxiing events and 12 full water landings, successfully acquiring the complete dataset. The flight test results show that this proposed pressure sensor exhibits superior robustness in extreme environments compared to traditional invasive electrical sensors and can be used for full-scale hydrodynamic load flight tests.