Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic tumor with local invasion and high recurrence, which generally occurs in the jaw bones. Hypercalcemia is a common paraneoplastic syndrome that is commonly observed in patients with malignancies but rarely encountered in patients with benign tumors. Thus far, not many cases of ameloblastoma with hypercalcemia have been reported, and the pathogenic mechanism has not been studied in depth. This paper presents a case report of a 26-year-old male diagnosed with giant ameloblastoma of the mandible, accompanied by rare hypercalcemia. Additionally, a review of the relevant literature is conducted. This patient initially underwent marsupialization, yet this treatment was not effective, which indicated that the selection of the appropriate operation is of prime importance for improving the prognosis of patients with ameloblastoma. The tumor not only failed to shrink but gradually increased in size, accompanied by multiple complications including hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, anemia, and cachexia. Due to the contradiction between the necessity of tumor resection and the patient’s poor systemic condition, we implemented a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) meeting to better evaluate this patient’s condition and design an individualized treatment strategy. The patient subsequently received a variety of interventions to improve the general conditions until he could tolerate surgery, and finally underwent the successful resection of giant ameloblastoma and reconstruction with vascularized fibular flap. No tumor recurrence or distance metastasis was observed during 5 years of follow-up. Additionally, the absence of hypercalcemia recurrence was also noted.

The repair of oral mucosal defects is often hindered by the failure of traditional materials to maintain adhesion in humid, dynamic environments. Inspired by the wet-adhesion properties of mussels, we developed a biomimetic self-adhesive nanofibrous membrane via coaxial electrospinning. This membrane utilizes a polycaprolactone (PCL) core for mechanical strength and a dopamine (DA)-modified gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) shell for biocompatibility and adhesion. Experimental results demonstrate that the membrane possesses excellent mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 2.52 MPa and a swelling degree of 554.6%. The incorporation of 2% DA significantly enhanced wet-adhesive strength to 30.53 kPa, allowing for stable adhesion to oral tissues for over 24 h. In vitro experiments demonstrated good cytocompatibility and promoted fibroblast adhesion and proliferation. In vivo studies using murine skin and rat oral mucosal defect models showed accelerated wound closure, reduced scar formation, and improved tissue regeneration. Immunological analyses revealed that the DA-modified nanofiber membrane modulated the local immune microenvironment by promoting macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis and subsequent molecular validation identified activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway as a key mechanism underlying this immunoregulatory effect. These results demonstrate that the mussel-inspired coaxial nanofiber membrane provides stable wet adhesion and actively regulates immune responses to promote scarless healing of oral mucosal defects, highlighting its potential as a functional biomaterial for soft tissue repair.