Background/Objectives: Skin adnexal tumors (SATs) are rare neoplasms originating from sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and sweat glands, often presenting diagnostic challenges due to their histopathological diversity and clinical resemblance to other lesions. This epidemiological and clinicopathological study aimed to evaluate SATs diagnosed between January 2018 and October 2024 across two medical centers in Turkey. Methods: A total of 652 cases were analyzed based on demographic features, tumor size, anatomical localization, and histological subtypes per the 2018 WHO classification. The study also explored the predictors of malignancy, including tumor size and multifocality. Results: Among the cases, 98% were benign and 2% malignant. Sebaceous tumors were the most common (34.5%), followed by eccrine/apocrine (34.2%) and follicular tumors (31.3%). Benign tumors showed a slight female predominance (56.6%), while malignant tumors were more frequent in males (61.5%). The majority of tumors were located in the head and neck region (84.6%), and a tumor size >20 mm was significantly associated with malignancy. Conclusions: This study, one of the largest series from Turkey, highlights the importance of clinicopathological correlation in SATs. It contributes to the literature by identifying size-based cut-off values for malignancy prediction and by assessing interobserver agreement, multifocality, and tumor subtype distribution.

Aim: Previous studies have reported conflicting associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and celiac disease (CD). Some suggest a protective effect, whereas others propose a pathogenic role. These inconsistencies may be due to overlapping histological features such as intraepithelial lymphocytosis and duodenitis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and histopathological consequences of H. pylori infection in biopsy-proven CD cases.Materials and Methods: Between 2017 and 2025, a dual-center, convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted with 377 participants (226 CD patients, 151 controls). Quantitative analyses assessed clinical symptoms, histopathological features, and Marsh classification, with H. pylori status evaluated using chi-square tests, logistic regression, and odds ratios. In addition, purposively selected CD patients underwent semi-structured interviews exploring abdominal pain, weakness, dietary experiences, and perceptions of H. pylori diagnosis.Results: The prevalence and semi-quantitative severity of H. pylori colonization were similar between CD and control groups (44.6% vs. 44.2%, p = 0.947), with no significant correlation to Marsh grades. Histopathology revealed antral gastritis, pangastritis, duodenitis, and duodenal ulcers more frequently in controls, while villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia was higher in CD patients (43.2% vs. 1.3%, p < 0.001). Clinically, weakness was more common in CD patients (24.8% vs. 10.6%, p < 0.001), whereas abdominal pain was more frequent in controls (77.5% vs. 44.7%, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings highlighted fatigue as an “invisible disability” and reflected uncertainty about symptom improvement following H. pylori eradication.Conclusion: H. pylori colonization was not associated with histopathological severity in CD, supporting evidence that it has neither a protective nor pathogenic role. While H. pylori–related lesions were more frequent in dyspeptic controls, CD-specific mucosal injury remained distinct. Fatigue emerged as a key symptom in qualitative accounts, underscoring the need for patient-centered management. Future prospective, strain-level, and multi-center studies are warranted to clarify potential context-dependent interactions.

Aims: Breast lesions in women aged ≤40 years present unique diagnostic challenges due to dense breast tissue, lack of routine screening, and overlapping imaging features between benign and malignant conditions. Although the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is widely used for risk stratification, its performance and the added value of clinical parameters in younger populations remain incompletely defined.Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 316 women aged ≤40 years who underwent core needle biopsy for breast lesions. After excluding high-risk (B3) lesions and non-diagnostic cases, 285 patients (247 benign, 38 malignant) were analyzed. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data were evaluated. The diagnostic performance of BI-RADS was assessed, and a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to identify independent predictors of malignancy. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and calibration testing.Results: The overall malignancy rate was 13.3% (38/285). Malignant cases were significantly associated with older age within the cohort, palpable mass, axillary lymph node positivity, and suspicious ultrasonographic margin characteristics (all p

We read with great interest the article by Yaldır et al. entitled “Frequency of Lin28A Expression in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Potential Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target”, recently published in Eskisehir Medical Journal. The authors should be commended for investigating Lin28A expression in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), a rare malignancy for which molecular prognostic markers remain limited. To our knowledge, this represents one of the first studies exploring the potential role of Lin28A in this tumor type.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and limited targeted therapeutic options. Hypoxia signaling mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and mitochondrial antioxidant defense driven by superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) represent biologically interconnected stress-adaptation pathways that may contribute to tumor progression. However, their combined prognostic impact in TNBC remains insufficiently defined. This retrospective study included 70 patients with surgically treated TNBC. Immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1α (nuclear) and SOD2 (cytoplasmic) was semi-quantitatively scored and analyzed individually and in combination. Patients were stratified as both-low, single-high, or both-high expression. Associations with clinicopathological parameters were evaluated, and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression models. Stage-adjusted and stage-free multivariable analyses were performed, and sensitivity analyses using penalized Cox regression were conducted. High SOD2 expression was observed in 68.6% and high HIF-1α expression in 24.3% of cases. Neither marker was independently associated with survival outcomes in Kaplan–Meier or multivariable analyses. HIF-1α-high tumors showed a nominally lower Ki-67 proliferation index compared with HIF-1α-low tumors (median 30.0% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.023); however, given the number of comparisons performed, this finding should be regarded as exploratory and interpreted cautiously. Advanced stage and distant metastasis were the strongest predictors of both OS and DFS. In post hoc exploratory analyses, increasing SOD2 (HR 1.36 per point, p = 0.039) and HIF-1α scores (HR 1.80 per point, p = 0.022) showed nominal associations with worse OS; these findings are hypothesis-generating and should not be interpreted as evidence of independent prognostic value. Combined biomarker stratification showed a numerical stepwise pattern of OS curves, with the poorest survival observed in the both-high group, although statistical significance was not reached. High SOD2 expression is frequent in TNBC and may reflect underlying tumor biology; however, this was not independently confirmed in survival analyses. Continuous biomarker scoring suggests an incremental association with overall survival. Combined HIF-1α/SOD2 assessment did not demonstrate independent prognostic value in this cohort. These observations are hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger, prospectively designed cohorts before any clinical application can be considered.