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Prof. Anna Brytek-Matera
Institute of Psychology, Head of Nutritional Psychology Unit, Head of EAT Lab (Eating Behavior Laboratory), University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland

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0 Eating Disorders
0 Obesity
0 Eating behaviours
0 Orthorexia nervosa
0 Nutritional psychology

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Orthorexia nervosa
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Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Nutrients
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Food intake has been shown to be related to several environmental factors including the presence of music. However, previous findings of the relationship between music and food intake are inconsistent. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively review the extent to which music is associated with food intake as well as to investigate potential moderators that might have contributed to the heterogeneity of the existing findings. Literature was searched on four databases (i.e., PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) and Google Scholar. Nine articles published from 1989 to 2020 met our inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was carried out via a three-level random-effects model. The overall effect size (i.e., Hedges’ g) was 0.19 (95% Confidence Interval: −0.003, 0.386; SE = 0.10, t = 1.99, p = 0.054), indicating a marginally significant but small effect size. Body Mass Index (F(1, 21) = 5.11, p = 0.035) was found to significantly contribute to the heterogeneity of effect sizes, with larger positive effects of music on food intake for individuals with higher BMI. However, music-related features did not significantly moderate the relationship between music and food intake. More experimental studies are needed to update the current meta-analysis and get a better understanding of this topic.

ACS Style

Tianxiang Cui; Jiaxuan Xi; Chanyuan Tang; Jianwen Song; Jinbo He; Anna Brytek-Matera. The Relationship between Music and Food Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2571 .

AMA Style

Tianxiang Cui, Jiaxuan Xi, Chanyuan Tang, Jianwen Song, Jinbo He, Anna Brytek-Matera. The Relationship between Music and Food Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (8):2571.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianxiang Cui; Jiaxuan Xi; Chanyuan Tang; Jianwen Song; Jinbo He; Anna Brytek-Matera. 2021. "The Relationship between Music and Food Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 8: 2571.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2021 in Nutrients
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Dieting and disinhibited eating patterns are presented in both clinical and nonclinical samples. Repetitive negative thinking (i.e., rumination) may lead to maladaptive eating behaviors. While numerous studies have focused on dieting and disinhibited eating behaviors in clinical samples, less is known about these behaviors in nonclinical samples with normal body weight. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore how dieting, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating are related to rumination in adult women with normal body weight. One hundred eighty-eight women (Mage = 29.46 ± 8.94; MBMI = 23.16 ± 4.04) were involved in the current study. The Eating Attitudes Test, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 and the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire were administered to the participants. The results showed that repetitive negative thinking was a partial mediator in the relationship between dieting and uncontrolled eating, as well as in the relationship between dieting and emotional eating. Targeting repetitive negative thinking may be important for reducing disinhibited eating patterns in women with normal body weight.

ACS Style

Justyna Waliłko; Paulina Bronowicka; Jinbo He; Anna Brytek-Matera. Dieting and Disinhibited Eating Patterns in Adult Women with Normal Body Weight: Does Rumination Matter? Nutrients 2021, 13, 2475 .

AMA Style

Justyna Waliłko, Paulina Bronowicka, Jinbo He, Anna Brytek-Matera. Dieting and Disinhibited Eating Patterns in Adult Women with Normal Body Weight: Does Rumination Matter? Nutrients. 2021; 13 (7):2475.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justyna Waliłko; Paulina Bronowicka; Jinbo He; Anna Brytek-Matera. 2021. "Dieting and Disinhibited Eating Patterns in Adult Women with Normal Body Weight: Does Rumination Matter?" Nutrients 13, no. 7: 2475.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2021 in Nutrients
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The aim of the study was to investigate the psychometric properties (internal consistency, factor structure, and convergent validity) of the Spanish version of the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ-ES) and its links to disordered eating in young adults. Two university student samples with a total of 487 participants (N1age = 21.75 ± 5.10; N2age = 21.17 ± 6.81) participated in the study. They filled out the Eating Habits Questionnaire and the Eating Attitudes Test. Our findings showed that the EHQ-ES demonstrated strong internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s α = 0.903 and ω = 0.939. The EHQ-ES consists of 20 items to measure problems associated with healthy eating (α = 0.855, ω = 0.879), knowledge of healthy eating (α = 0.783, ω = 0.826) and feeling positively about healthy eating (α = 0.775, ω = 0.773). In addition, subscales of the EHQ correlated with subscales of the EAT-26, showing that Orthorexia Nervosa is associated with disordered eating in a sample of university students. The current study is the first to describe a Spanish version of the EHQ. This demonstrates that EHQ-ES is a reliable screening tool for Spanish-speaking young adults. Moreover, the EHQ-ES can be a useful instrument for assessing ON in research and clinical practice.

ACS Style

María Parra-Fernández; María Onieva-Zafra; Juan Fernández-Muñoz; Alicja Głębocka; Elia Fernández-Martínez; Anna Brytek-Matera. The Spanish Version of the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ-ES) and Its Links to Symptoms and Concerns Characteristic of Eating Disorders among Young Adults. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1993 .

AMA Style

María Parra-Fernández, María Onieva-Zafra, Juan Fernández-Muñoz, Alicja Głębocka, Elia Fernández-Martínez, Anna Brytek-Matera. The Spanish Version of the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ-ES) and Its Links to Symptoms and Concerns Characteristic of Eating Disorders among Young Adults. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (6):1993.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Parra-Fernández; María Onieva-Zafra; Juan Fernández-Muñoz; Alicja Głębocka; Elia Fernández-Martínez; Anna Brytek-Matera. 2021. "The Spanish Version of the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ-ES) and Its Links to Symptoms and Concerns Characteristic of Eating Disorders among Young Adults." Nutrients 13, no. 6: 1993.

Original article
Published: 02 June 2021 in Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
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There is limited evidence of a link between Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and no definitive conclusions can be drawn. The interplay between socio-cultural context and ON has been poorly investigated as well. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to investigate the differences in ON and OCD symptoms and (2) to assess the relationship between ON and OCD symptoms among university students. Six hundred and sixty-six university students participated in the present study: 286 from Poland and 320 from Italy. No age, gender and marital status differences were identified between two samples of university students. However, on average, Polish university students had a higher Body Mass Index than Italian ones. Our findings showed that Polish students present more problems related to obsessive symptomatology, core beliefs of OCD, perfectionism traits, and a major ON symptomatology than Italian ones. Also, Polish students with a higher level of ON exhibited higher levels of OCD symptoms and parental expectations/parental criticism. While Italian students with a higher level of ON showed higher levels of perfectionism features (organization and concern over mistakes). In general, correlations were low as confirmation of partial independence ON from OCD symptoms and core beliefs of OCD in both Polish and Italian university students. The present results highlight a need for further investigation of the correlates of ON across different cultural groups. Future research may screen individuals with ON to determine the comorbidity between ON and OCD symptomology to facilitate appropriate treatment choices. Level of evidence Level V, Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

ACS Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; Susanna Pardini; Justyna Modrzejewska; Adriana Modrzejewska; Paulina Szymańska; Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Caterina Novara. Orthorexia Nervosa and its association with obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms: initial cross-cultural comparison between Polish and Italian university students. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 2021, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Anna Brytek-Matera, Susanna Pardini, Justyna Modrzejewska, Adriana Modrzejewska, Paulina Szymańska, Kamila Czepczor-Bernat, Caterina Novara. Orthorexia Nervosa and its association with obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms: initial cross-cultural comparison between Polish and Italian university students. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2021; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; Susanna Pardini; Justyna Modrzejewska; Adriana Modrzejewska; Paulina Szymańska; Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Caterina Novara. 2021. "Orthorexia Nervosa and its association with obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms: initial cross-cultural comparison between Polish and Italian university students." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity , no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Nutrients
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Sleep quality, diet quality, and physical activity are significant factors influencing physical and mental health. However, few studies have explored their underlying mechanisms, especially among the elderly population in East Asia, where people have food culture and lifestyles distinct from those living in Western countries. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the relationships among sleep quality, diet quality, physical activity, and physical and mental health in a Chinese elderly sample. Sleep quality, diet quality, physical activity, physical health, and mental health were investigated among 313 Chinese elderly (aged 51–92 years, M = 67.90, SD = 7.94). Mediation analysis was used to examine the empirical model based on previous theories and literature. Close positive relationships were observed between all factors investigated (r = 0.22~0.73, p < 0.001). The relationships between sleep quality and physical and mental health were partially mediated by diet quality and physical activity. In clinical interventions, sleep quality, diet quality, and physical activity can be targeted to improve physical and mental health among the older adult populations.

ACS Style

Yiqing Zhao; Jianwen Song; Anna Brytek-Matera; HengYue Zhang; Jinbo He. The Relationships between Sleep and Mental and Physical Health of Chinese Elderly: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Diet and Physical Activity. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1316 .

AMA Style

Yiqing Zhao, Jianwen Song, Anna Brytek-Matera, HengYue Zhang, Jinbo He. The Relationships between Sleep and Mental and Physical Health of Chinese Elderly: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Diet and Physical Activity. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (4):1316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yiqing Zhao; Jianwen Song; Anna Brytek-Matera; HengYue Zhang; Jinbo He. 2021. "The Relationships between Sleep and Mental and Physical Health of Chinese Elderly: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Diet and Physical Activity." Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1316.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Drunorexia refers to food calorie intake restriction to prevent weight gain and the desire to enhance the more extensive intoxicating effects of alcohol. The present study aimed to investigate the association of drunkorexia with emotion regulation as well as emotion regulation difficulties across the Lebanese population, and assess disordered eating attitudes as a potential mediator of these relationships. The cross-sectional study enrolled participants (n = 258) from all Lebanese districts. The study was performed through an online survey based on a self-designed and structured questionnaire. The Drunkorexia Motives and Behaviors Scales (DMBS), the College Life Alcohol Salience Scale (CLASS), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used in the present study. The results showed that higher EAT-26 total scores (more disordered eating attitudes) (B = 0.16) and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.30) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia motives. Also, higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.09) and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.17) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia behaviors. In addition, higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.10) and higher DERS-26 total score (B = 0.36) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia fails. Furthermore, higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.07), and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.37) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia during an alcohol consumption event. Higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.09), and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.22) were significantly associated with more post-drinking compensation. Higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.21), higher DERS-16 total scores (B = 0.65) and higher emotion regulation (B = 0.33) were significantly associated with higher CLASS scores. The results showed that EAT-26 total scores partially mediated the association between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia motives (25.20%), between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia behaviors (25.16%), between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia fails (106.87%), between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia during an alcohol consumption event (11.84%), between DERS-16 total score and post-drinking compensation (22.55%), between ERQ total score and college life alcohol salience (8.35%) and between DERS-16 total score and college life alcohol salience (20.14%). This study highlighted that only emotional regulation difficulties were associated with drunkorexia, whereas emotional regulation was not significantly associated with such behavior.

ACS Style

Vanessa Azzi; Souheil Hallit; Diana Malaeb; Sahar Obeid; Anna Brytek-Matera. Drunkorexia and Emotion Regulation and Emotion Regulation Difficulties: The Mediating Effect of Disordered Eating Attitudes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2690 .

AMA Style

Vanessa Azzi, Souheil Hallit, Diana Malaeb, Sahar Obeid, Anna Brytek-Matera. Drunkorexia and Emotion Regulation and Emotion Regulation Difficulties: The Mediating Effect of Disordered Eating Attitudes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanessa Azzi; Souheil Hallit; Diana Malaeb; Sahar Obeid; Anna Brytek-Matera. 2021. "Drunkorexia and Emotion Regulation and Emotion Regulation Difficulties: The Mediating Effect of Disordered Eating Attitudes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2690.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Nutrients
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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the health-related behaviors among university students, with emphasis on health sciences students from Croatia, Italy, Lebanon, Poland, Romania, Spain and Turkey. We included 6222 students in Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, Pharmacy, Nutrition and Dietetics, Sports Sciences, Veterinary, and Economics enrolled between April 2018 and March 2020. We assessed dietary patterns, sleeping habits, physical activity and perceived stress among students by means of validated questionnaires. The median age ranged between 19 and 24 years, smoking prevalence between 12.0% and 35.4%, and body mass index (BMI) ranged between 21.1 and 23.2 kg/m2. Breakfast was less often and more often consumed daily in Turkey (36.7%), and Italy (75.7%), respectively. The highest Mediterranean diet score was recorded in Spain and Italy, and the lowest in Turkey, followed by students from Croatia, Lebanon, Poland and Romania. Sleep duration, physical activity and stress perception also differed between countries. Multivariable regression analysis revealed a small, but positive association between BMI and several characteristics, including age, female gender, smoking, physical activity, mobile phone use, and perceived stress. A negative association was found between BMI and sleep duration on non-working days. Self-rated health perception was positively associated with female gender, breakfast, physical activity, and time spent studying, and negatively with BMI, smoking and stress. Our results demonstrated diverse habits in students from different countries, some of which were less healthy than anticipated, given their educational background. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on improving the lifestyle of these adolescents and young adults, who will be tomorrow’s healthcare workers.

ACS Style

Hellas Cena; Debora Porri; Rachele De Giuseppe; Aliki Kalmpourtzidou; Fiorella Salvatore; Marwan El Ghoch; Leila Itani; Dima Kreidieh; Anna Brytek-Matera; Cristina Pocol; Donaldo Arteta Arteta; Gözde Utan; Ivana Kolčić. How Healthy Are Health-Related Behaviors in University Students: The HOLISTic Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 675 .

AMA Style

Hellas Cena, Debora Porri, Rachele De Giuseppe, Aliki Kalmpourtzidou, Fiorella Salvatore, Marwan El Ghoch, Leila Itani, Dima Kreidieh, Anna Brytek-Matera, Cristina Pocol, Donaldo Arteta Arteta, Gözde Utan, Ivana Kolčić. How Healthy Are Health-Related Behaviors in University Students: The HOLISTic Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (2):675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hellas Cena; Debora Porri; Rachele De Giuseppe; Aliki Kalmpourtzidou; Fiorella Salvatore; Marwan El Ghoch; Leila Itani; Dima Kreidieh; Anna Brytek-Matera; Cristina Pocol; Donaldo Arteta Arteta; Gözde Utan; Ivana Kolčić. 2021. "How Healthy Are Health-Related Behaviors in University Students: The HOLISTic Study." Nutrients 13, no. 2: 675.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2020 in Nutrients
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Orthorexia nervosa (ON) has been defined as an obsessive and pathological attitude towards healthy nutrition. The aim of this study was to compare individuals who followed a vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diet in terms of ON behaviors and to examine their prime motivations, attitudes, and behaviors towards food. The Spanish version of the ORTO-15 test — ORTO-11-ES — and the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ-SP) were used with a demographic questionnaire in an online survey disseminated among the social networks of different vegetarian associations and the general population. Of 466 individuals, 55% followed an omnivore diet, 23.5% were vegetarian and 21.7% were vegan. Results revealed relationships between type of diet and FCQ-SP dimensions for: health and natural content (H = 8.7, p < 0.05), sensory appeal (H = 11.4, p < 0.01), weight control (H = 40.4, p < 0.01), and familiarity (H = 37.3, p < 0.01). Our results confirm the findings of recent studies showing that individuals who follow a vegan or vegetarian diet are more likely to develop a pathological preoccupation with healthy eating versus omnivores. Further studies are required to determine the potential lines of action for the prevention of ON.

ACS Style

María Laura Parra-Fernández; Maria Manzaneque-Cañadillas; María Dolores Onieva-Zafra; Elia Fernández-Martínez; Juan José Fernández-Muñoz; María Del Carmen Prado-Laguna; Anna Brytek-Matera. Pathological Preoccupation with Healthy Eating (Orthorexia Nervosa) in a Spanish Sample with Vegetarian, Vegan, and Non-Vegetarian Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3907 .

AMA Style

María Laura Parra-Fernández, Maria Manzaneque-Cañadillas, María Dolores Onieva-Zafra, Elia Fernández-Martínez, Juan José Fernández-Muñoz, María Del Carmen Prado-Laguna, Anna Brytek-Matera. Pathological Preoccupation with Healthy Eating (Orthorexia Nervosa) in a Spanish Sample with Vegetarian, Vegan, and Non-Vegetarian Dietary Patterns. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (12):3907.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Laura Parra-Fernández; Maria Manzaneque-Cañadillas; María Dolores Onieva-Zafra; Elia Fernández-Martínez; Juan José Fernández-Muñoz; María Del Carmen Prado-Laguna; Anna Brytek-Matera. 2020. "Pathological Preoccupation with Healthy Eating (Orthorexia Nervosa) in a Spanish Sample with Vegetarian, Vegan, and Non-Vegetarian Dietary Patterns." Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3907.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Nutrients
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The prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) appears to be increasing, and more research into its cross-cultural aspects is required to provide culturally appropriate psychological treatment. Until now, there has been relatively little research published about ON across cultures. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to determine: (1) the prevalence of ON in Polish and Lebanese adults and (2) the association between ON and sociodemographic variables and Body Mass Index (BMI) in two culturally different samples. One thousand two hundred and sixty-two adults participated in the present study (NPoland = 743 adults; NLebanon = 519 adults). The Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale and the Eating Habits Questionnaire were used in the present study. Information about age, sex, anthropometry, and marital status was obtained from all participants as well. The Polish sample had an ON prevalence rate of 2.6%, while the Lebanese sample had an ON prevalence rate of 8.4%. No significant correlation was found between ON and age in both samples. A statistically significant difference was found between marital status and country on ON, with the highest mean score seen among Lebanese singles. In Lebanon, having a low of BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 compared to a high BMI was significantly associated with lower ON tendencies, while this association was not significant among Polish participants. This study was the second to focus on the prevalence of ON in Western and non-Western countries and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and BMI ranges. Knowledge about ON and its correlates in diverse populations may inform the design of culturally tailored behavior change interventions and the development of culturally appropriate tools in various groups to improve their dietary patterns.

ACS Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; Hala Sacre; Anna Staniszewska; Souheil Hallit. The Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in Polish and Lebanese Adults and Its Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables and BMI Ranges: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3865 .

AMA Style

Anna Brytek-Matera, Hala Sacre, Anna Staniszewska, Souheil Hallit. The Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in Polish and Lebanese Adults and Its Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables and BMI Ranges: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (12):3865.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; Hala Sacre; Anna Staniszewska; Souheil Hallit. 2020. "The Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in Polish and Lebanese Adults and Its Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables and BMI Ranges: A Cross-Cultural Perspective." Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3865.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2020 in Nutrients
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Extreme focus on healthy eating, called orthorexia nervosa (ON), was assessed using a 21-item Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ). The present study aimed to validate the Polish version of the EHQ in a general population sample. Nine hundred sixty-seven women (59%) and men participated in the present study. Data was obtained from an internet-administered survey. Exploratory factor analysis with the first split sample (n = 502) produced a three-factor solution accounting for 47% of the variance. In confirmatory factor analysis with the second split sample (n = 465), the three-factor structure showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.008). Reliability analysis for the Polish version of the EHQ across the whole questionnaire showed strong internal consistency (α = 0.88, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.86). The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, for the EHQ subscales were 0.85 (knowledge), 0.81 (problems), and 0.81 (feelings and behaviors). Total EHQ score was positively correlated with its three subscales, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating, and was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI). The Polish version of the EHQ is a reliable questionnaire that can be used with confidence to better assess ON in a general population sample.

ACS Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; Natalija Plasonja; Greg Décamps. Assessing Orthorexia Nervosa: Validation of the Polish Version of the Eating Habits Questionnaire in a General Population Sample. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3820 .

AMA Style

Anna Brytek-Matera, Natalija Plasonja, Greg Décamps. Assessing Orthorexia Nervosa: Validation of the Polish Version of the Eating Habits Questionnaire in a General Population Sample. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (12):3820.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; Natalija Plasonja; Greg Décamps. 2020. "Assessing Orthorexia Nervosa: Validation of the Polish Version of the Eating Habits Questionnaire in a General Population Sample." Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3820.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Nutrients
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The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in university students in Spain and Poland, (2) assess differences in ON and eating disorder (ED) pathology in both samples and (3) examine the relationship between ON and ED symptoms among Spanish and Polish university students. Eight hundred and sixty university students participated in the present study (Mage = 21.17 ± 3.38; MBMI = 22.57 ± 3.76). The Spanish and Polish samples comprised 485 and 375 students, respectively. The Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale and the Eating Disorder Inventory were used in the present study. ON prevalence rates of 2.3% and 2.9%, respectively, are found in the Spanish and Polish samples. Compared to Polish students, Spanish university students reported increased drive for thinness and lower body dissatisfaction, lower level of ineffectiveness and lower level of interpersonal distrust. ON was positively related to drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism interoceptive awareness (in both Spanish and Polish students) and ineffectiveness (in Spanish students). Our findings suggest that ON significantly overlaps with ED symptoms, which is in line with recent studies. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess how ON develops in a sample of young adults and whether it develops in isolation of or in parallel with ED pathology.

ACS Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; María Dolores Onieva-Zafra; María Laura Parra-Fernández; Anna Staniszewska; Justyna Modrzejewska; Elia Fernández-Martínez. Evaluation of Orthorexia Nervosa and Symptomatology Associated with Eating Disorders among European University Students: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3716 .

AMA Style

Anna Brytek-Matera, María Dolores Onieva-Zafra, María Laura Parra-Fernández, Anna Staniszewska, Justyna Modrzejewska, Elia Fernández-Martínez. Evaluation of Orthorexia Nervosa and Symptomatology Associated with Eating Disorders among European University Students: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (12):3716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; María Dolores Onieva-Zafra; María Laura Parra-Fernández; Anna Staniszewska; Justyna Modrzejewska; Elia Fernández-Martínez. 2020. "Evaluation of Orthorexia Nervosa and Symptomatology Associated with Eating Disorders among European University Students: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3716.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2020 in Nutrients
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Although the amount of research about orthorexia nervosa (ON) has grown in the last two decades, to date, research on ON remains inconsistent. More is known about some behavioral characteristics of ON and its prevalence but nothing is known about the profile analysis behind this pathological eating behavior maintenance. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the profiles of the participants in terms of eating behaviors, eating disorder psychopathology, obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and physical activity as well as check their association with ON. The sample was composed of 229 Polish female and male adults. Our findings showed three clusters and four-related factors (obsessive-compulsive disorder features; inappropriate eating and body-related behaviors; psychological and affective traits of eating disorders; perfectionism and behaviors associated with weight maintenance or weight loss). In our sample, a higher percentage of adults belonging to cluster 1 had no ON, whereas a higher percentage of adults belonging to cluster 3 had ON. Our results emphasize the possibility to target pathological eating behaviors and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms in ON in psychological intervention.

ACS Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; Anna Staniszewska; Souheil Hallit. Identifying the Profile of Orthorexic Behavior and “Normal” Eating Behavior with Cluster Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study among Polish Adults. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3490 .

AMA Style

Anna Brytek-Matera, Anna Staniszewska, Souheil Hallit. Identifying the Profile of Orthorexic Behavior and “Normal” Eating Behavior with Cluster Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study among Polish Adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (11):3490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Brytek-Matera; Anna Staniszewska; Souheil Hallit. 2020. "Identifying the Profile of Orthorexic Behavior and “Normal” Eating Behavior with Cluster Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study among Polish Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 11: 3490.

Original article
Published: 11 November 2020 in Archives of Women's Mental Health
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The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to investigate the effectiveness of web-based psychoeducation for emotional functioning, eating behaviors, and body image among premenopausal women with excess body weight, and (2) to compare the efficacy of two types of web-based psychoeducation. Three hundred individuals were asked to volunteer in the present study. All participants were recruited in Poland from September 2017 to July 2019. Finally, a total of 129 premenopausal women took part in the research and signed informed consent. Their ages ranged between 18 and 48 years old (M = 32.28, SD = 7.65). Self-reported weight and height were recorded. BMI was calculated using self-reported data. Their average body mass index was 30.54 kg/m2 (SD = 3.69). In our randomized experiment, the participants were allocated into three groups: experimental group I (EG I, N = 43), experimental group II (EG II, N = 46), and wait list control group (CG, N = 40). Five questionnaires were included in the online survey at the baseline measurement (Day 0), at the end of psychoeducational intervention (Day 16) and 75 days from the start of the 15-day intervention (Day 76). Measurement tools included the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Mindful Eating Scale, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and the Body Attitude Test. Our eHealth web-based psychoeducation consisted of three modules: emotional functioning module (EG I: theoretically consistent approach (TCA) vs EG II: eclectic approach; EA), eating behaviors module (EG I, EG II: based on mindfulness-based eating training; MET), body image module (EG I, EG II: based on Cash’s prevention of body image disturbances; CPBID). The first experimental group (EG I) had intervention containing TCA, MET, and CPBID, while the second experimental group (EG II) EA, MET, and CPBID. According to between-group comparison, both types of web-based psychoeducation led to an increase in adaptive emotion regulation (Day 16: EG I vs CG: p < 0.001, EG II vs CG: p < 0.001; Day 76: EG I vs CG: p < 0.01, EG II vs CG: p < 0.001). In EG I, the intervention resulted in a higher reduction (than in CG) in emotional eating (Day 16: p < 0.01, Day 76: p < 0.01), uncontrolled eating (Day 16: p < 0.05, Day 76: p < 0.05), and negative appreciation of body size (Day 16: p < 0.01, Day 76: p < 0.01). In EG II, a lower level of emotional eating was found on Day 76 (EG II vs CG: p < 0.05). Two months after completion of the 15-day intervention, no statistically significant reduction for BMI was observed in either experimental group (p > 0.05). The effectiveness of both types of web-based psychoeducation was also confirmed in within-group comparison (Day 0 vs Day 16 and Day 0 vs Day 76). There was a significant increase in emotion regulation and mindful eating, as well as a decrease in emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, negative appreciation of body size, lack of familiarity with one’s body, and the experiencing of negative emotions in both experimental groups (EG I, EG II). Both types of web-based psychoeducation might have to be considered in creating future web-based psychoeducation among premenopausal women with excess body weight.

ACS Style

Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Anna Brytek-Matera; Anna Staniszewska. The effect of a web-based psychoeducation on emotional functioning, eating behaviors, and body image among premenopausal women with excess body weight. Archives of Women's Mental Health 2020, 24, 423 -435.

AMA Style

Kamila Czepczor-Bernat, Anna Brytek-Matera, Anna Staniszewska. The effect of a web-based psychoeducation on emotional functioning, eating behaviors, and body image among premenopausal women with excess body weight. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2020; 24 (3):423-435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Anna Brytek-Matera; Anna Staniszewska. 2020. "The effect of a web-based psychoeducation on emotional functioning, eating behaviors, and body image among premenopausal women with excess body weight." Archives of Women's Mental Health 24, no. 3: 423-435.

Original article
Published: 06 October 2020 in Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
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Purpose Although orthorexia nervosa, the fixation on health-conscious eating behaviour, was first described in the 90 s, there is no clear understanding whether existing ON measures are appropriate for its assessment. The objectives of the present study were to: (1) examine the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the DOS (PL-DOS) and to compare the PL-DOS with the English version of the DOS (E-DOS) as well as (2) evaluate the prevalence of ON among Polish university students and compare the prevalence rates of ON among Polish and U.S. students. Methods Four-hundred and twelve students (77.2% female) with a mean age of 24.62 years (SD = 6.86) participated in the present study. All participants completed the Polish version of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (PL-DOS), the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). Results Reliability analysis for the PL-DOS showed strong internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.840 and a coefficient omega of 0.840, 95% CI [0.808, 0.866]. Significant correlation coefficients were found between the PL-DOS and all subscales of the EHQ. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the one-factor model had poor fit. Polish students had an ON prevalence rate of 6.6%, lower than that of U.S. students (8%). Conclusions Our findings validate the use of the PL-DOS as an appropriate ON measure for a Polish population. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

ACS Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. The Polish version of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (PL-DOS) and its comparison with the English version of the DOS (E-DOS). Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 2020, 26, 1223 -1232.

AMA Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. The Polish version of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (PL-DOS) and its comparison with the English version of the DOS (E-DOS). Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2020; 26 (4):1223-1232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. 2020. "The Polish version of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (PL-DOS) and its comparison with the English version of the DOS (E-DOS)." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 26, no. 4: 1223-1232.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The purpose of the present study was to provide an empirical verification of the Circle of Discontent with an assessment of its relationship to restrained and uncontrolled eating among children and adolescents. This study examined whether our results confirm a new hypothesized model. The total sample comprised 282 children and adolescents (148 girls and 134 boys; 141 participants with normal body weight and 141 with obesity). The mean age was 12.23 years (SD = 2.80), and the average BMI (body mass index) was 23.29 kg/m2 (SD = 6.27). The following were used: Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, Children’s Body Image Scale, Figure Rating Scale, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and Eating Disorders in Youth. The obtained values of the model fit indices proved the goodness of fit. Our findings show that obesity accompanies body dissatisfaction and uncontrolled and restrictive eating. Moreover, the higher the level of restrictive eating, the lower the level of uncontrolled eating. The relationships between body dissatisfaction, negative affect and restrictive eating, as well as that between uncontrolled eating and high-energy consumption, are significant and positive. Other relationships are non-significant. The above-mentioned relationships established in the Circle of Discontent, as well as relationships of restrained and uncontrolled eating with variables described in the circle, were confirmed. Based on our results, preventive strategies and psychological interventions can be created and may include changes in body image, eating behaviors and emotional functioning.

ACS Style

Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Anna Brytek-Matera; Paweł Matusik. The Homeostatic Theory of Obesity: An Empirical Verification of the Circle of Discontent with an Assessment of Its Relationship to Restrained and Uncontrolled Eating among Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6028 .

AMA Style

Kamila Czepczor-Bernat, Anna Brytek-Matera, Paweł Matusik. The Homeostatic Theory of Obesity: An Empirical Verification of the Circle of Discontent with an Assessment of Its Relationship to Restrained and Uncontrolled Eating among Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (17):6028.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Anna Brytek-Matera; Paweł Matusik. 2020. "The Homeostatic Theory of Obesity: An Empirical Verification of the Circle of Discontent with an Assessment of Its Relationship to Restrained and Uncontrolled Eating among Children and Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6028.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in Nutrients
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There are a significant number of studies on cognitive restraint among individuals with varying dietary patterns. Although most research has found that vegetarians report higher levels of cognitive restraint compared to non-vegetarians, many studies have contributed inconsistent results. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to assess any differences between groups with varying dietary patterns on cognitive restraint and other disordered eating pattern. The second objective was to examine determinants of cognitive restraint in individuals adhering to a vegan diet, a vegetarian diet and an omnivore diet. Two-hundred and fifty-four participants with varying dietary patterns completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and the Eating Habits Questionnaire. Our results indicated that both vegetarian and vegan groups showed a significantly lower cognitive restraint, lower emotional eating and lower uncontrolled eating than those who followed an omnivorous diet. In addition, these both groups following a plant-based diet have shown more cognitions, behaviours and feelings related to an extreme focus on healthy eating (orthorexia nervosa) than group following an omnivorous diet. There were no significant differences between the groups in perseverative thinking. Core characteristics of repetitive negative thinking was a significant predictor of cognitive restraint in vegans. Feeling positively about healthy eating predicted cognitive restraint among vegetarians. Problems associated with healthy eating and feeling positively about healthy eating predicted cognitive restraint among individuals following an omnivorous diet. Knowledge of predictors of cognitive restraint may serve as a psychological intervention goal or psychoeducation goal among individuals with varying dietary patterns.

ACS Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. Restrained Eating and Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivore Dietary Intakes. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2133 .

AMA Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. Restrained Eating and Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivore Dietary Intakes. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (7):2133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. 2020. "Restrained Eating and Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivore Dietary Intakes." Nutrients 12, no. 7: 2133.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2020 in Nutrients
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The objective of the present study was two-fold: Firstly, to investigate unhealthy eating patterns and body mass index among individuals following a vegetarian diet and those following an omnivorous diet. Secondly, to examine interaction between vegetarian versus omnivorous diet and unhealthy eating patterns (orthorexia nervosa, cognitive restraint) and body mass index using a structural equation modeling approach (SEM). The study included 370 participants: 188 participants following a vegetarian diet and 182 following an omnivorous diet. Unhealthy eating patterns and body mass index were measured. Our results showed that individuals following a vegetarian diet were more likely to engage in orthorexic eating behavior compared to individuals following an omnivorous diet. In addition, they had a significantly lower levels of cognitive restraint and lower body mass index than individuals following an omnivorous diet. Use of SEM method showed that: (1) following a vegetarian diet and orthorexia nervosa were directly associated, (2) following an omnivorous diet and cognitive restraint were directly related and (3) following an omnivorous diet had a greater tendency to cognitive restraint and an elevated body mass index. More research is necessary to further understand the complexity of the relationship between type of diet and unhealthy eating patterns in adults.

ACS Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. Interaction between Vegetarian Versus Omnivorous Diet and Unhealthy Eating Patterns (Orthorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Restraint) and Body Mass Index in Adults. Nutrients 2020, 12, 646 .

AMA Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. Interaction between Vegetarian Versus Omnivorous Diet and Unhealthy Eating Patterns (Orthorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Restraint) and Body Mass Index in Adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (3):646.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. 2020. "Interaction between Vegetarian Versus Omnivorous Diet and Unhealthy Eating Patterns (Orthorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Restraint) and Body Mass Index in Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 3: 646.

Original article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
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Purpose The literature suggests that rumination (i.e., repetitive thinking about 1 or more negative concerns that is perceived as difficult to control) is linked to impaired emotional regulation and increases negative affect. Not only individuals suffering from overweight or obesity, but also healthy individuals might use emotional eating as a coping strategy to deal with negative affect caused by rumination. The aim of the present study was to determine the link between rumination and maladaptive eating strategies in participants with normal weight and overweight/obesity using trait and ecological momentary measures. Method In Study 1, 88 individuals from overweight/obese (N = 33) and control group (N = 50) filled in a series of questionnaires assessing trait rumination, and eating behaviors. In Study 2 momentary affect, rumination and eating behavior of 26 participants were assessed using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology. Results In Study 1, the moderated mediation model revealed that emotional eating mediates the link between rumination and uncontrolled eating or snacking, but only in healthy participants and not in the participants with overweight. The results of Study 2 suggest that when both momentary rumination and sad mood are entered into the model predicting momentary daily emotional eating, only rumination remains a significant predictor of emotional eating. This relationship is not modified by the fact that the participants are from healthy controls or the overweight/obese group. Discussion Study 1 provided evidence on the differential role of emotional eating in participants with normal weight and with overweight. Study 2 provided initial insights into the role of momentary mood and momentary repetitive thinking in the use of emotional eating in participants’ everyday lives. The differences in group effect in trait and EMA measures indicated also the importance of considering the consciousness of using rumination and emotional eating, while studying those processes in individuals with overweight. Level of evidence Level III, case-control analytic study.

ACS Style

Monika Kornacka; Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Piotr Napieralski; Anna Brytek-Matera. Rumination, mood, and maladaptive eating behaviors in overweight and healthy populations. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 2020, 26, 273 -285.

AMA Style

Monika Kornacka, Kamila Czepczor-Bernat, Piotr Napieralski, Anna Brytek-Matera. Rumination, mood, and maladaptive eating behaviors in overweight and healthy populations. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2020; 26 (1):273-285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika Kornacka; Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Piotr Napieralski; Anna Brytek-Matera. 2020. "Rumination, mood, and maladaptive eating behaviors in overweight and healthy populations." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 26, no. 1: 273-285.

Original article
Published: 05 February 2020 in Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
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Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of food-related behaviours (emotional eating, snacking) and emotional functioning (negative emotions, stress, emotional dysregulation) on body mass index in an adult sample. Direct and indirect relationships of the above-mentioned variables were examined. Methods The total sample comprised 298 adults. All participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Feeling of Stress Questionnaire and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Results Our findings showed that food-related behaviours and emotional functioning are related to body mass index in adults. In addition, emotional dysregulation and negative emotions did not have direct impact on snacking. Moreover, snacking did not have a direct impact on body mass index. However, snacking had an indirect effect on body mass index (through emotional eating). The other relationships were significant and consistent with the hypothesised positive direction. Conclusion We found significant relationships among (almost all) food-related behaviours, emotional functioning and body mass index in adults. However, future research on pathways from negative emotions/emotional dysregulation to snacking and from snacking to BMI should be conducted. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study.

ACS Style

Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Anna Brytek-Matera. The impact of food-related behaviours and emotional functioning on body mass index in an adult sample. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 2020, 26, 323 -329.

AMA Style

Kamila Czepczor-Bernat, Anna Brytek-Matera. The impact of food-related behaviours and emotional functioning on body mass index in an adult sample. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2020; 26 (1):323-329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamila Czepczor-Bernat; Anna Brytek-Matera. 2020. "The impact of food-related behaviours and emotional functioning on body mass index in an adult sample." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 26, no. 1: 323-329.

Review
Published: 29 November 2019 in Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
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The number of individuals following a vegetarian diet has increased in the last 50 years. Although the causal connection between orthorexic behaviors and vegetarianism remains widely assumed, evidence in support of this assumption has been largely inconsistent. The purpose of the study was to conduct a review of the relationship between vegetarian diet and orthorexic eating behavior and to give future directions in this area. A search of the literature within PubMed/Medline was conducted. The search terms were “orthorexia”, “orthorexic”, “orthorexia and vegetarian”, “orthorexia and vegan” and “orthorexia and vegetarianism”. Out of 117 journal articles, 14 met the predefined inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The results demonstrated that following a vegetarian diet was found to be related to orthorexic eating behaviors (in 11 out of 14 studies). Further longitudinal research is needed to investigate whether following a vegetarian diet serves as a risk factor in the development of orthorexia nervosa. Level V, narrative review.

ACS Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. Vegetarian diet and orthorexia nervosa: a review of the literature. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 2019, 26, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. Vegetarian diet and orthorexia nervosa: a review of the literature. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2019; 26 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Brytek-Matera. 2019. "Vegetarian diet and orthorexia nervosa: a review of the literature." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 26, no. 1: 1-11.