This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of four advanced artificial intelligence-powered chatbots—ChatGPT-4 Omni (ChatGPT-4o), DeepSeek, Gemini Advanced, and Claude 3.7 Sonnet—in responding to questions related to traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the primary dentition. The assessment focused on accuracy, completeness, readability, and response time, aligning with the 2020 International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines. Twenty-five open-ended TDI questions were submitted to each model in two separate sessions. Responses were anonymized and evaluated by four pediatric dentists. Accuracy and completeness were rated using Likert scales; readability was assessed using five standard indices; and response times were recorded in seconds. ChatGPT-4o demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than Gemini Advanced (p = 0.005), while DeepSeek outperformed Gemini Advanced in completeness (p = 0.010). Response times differed significantly (p < 0.001), with DeepSeek being the slowest and ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced being the fastest. DeepSeek produced the most readable outputs relatively, though none met public readability standards. Claude 3.7 generated the most complex texts (p < 0.001). A strong correlation existed between accuracy and completeness (ρ = 0.701, p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the cautious integration of artificial intelligence chatbots into pediatric dental care due to varied performance. Clinical accuracy, completeness, and readability are critical when offering information aligned with guidelines to support decisions in dental trauma management.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a dental condition characterized by enamel opacities, discoloration, and structural fragility, which can significantly affect individuals’ psychological and sociological well-being. In affected teeth, post-eruptive enamel breakdown often occurs, resulting in structural deficiencies that increase dentin hypersensitivity and hinder effective oral hygiene maintenance. This compromised hygiene can, in turn, elevate the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease, necessitating more frequent dental interventions. Over time, these challenges may contribute to the development of dental anxiety and behavioral management difficulties. Moreover, MIH can lead to functional limitations, such as masticatory difficulties and speech impairments. The impact of MIH extends beyond its physical symptoms, especially during childhood and adolescence, potentially resulting in significant psychosocial consequences. Enamel discoloration and loss of structure may cause aesthetic concerns, reduced self-esteem, and social withdrawal. Given the multifaceted effects of MIH, early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategies are essential for mitigating both its physical and psychosocial burdens, ultimately improving the overall quality of life of affected individuals. This scoping review aims to comprehensively evaluate, based on current scientific evidence, the functional and specific psychosocial impacts of MIH. Cite this article as: Aydoğdu T, Sezer B. Understanding the psychological and sociological effects of molar incisor hypomineralization: A scoping review of current evidence. Essent Dent. 2026, 4, 0050, doi:10.5152/EssentDent.2025.25050.