Periostin (POSTN) is a protein that is part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and which significantly affects the control of intracellular signaling pathways (PI3K-AKT, FAK) through binding integrin receptors (αvβ3, αvβ5, α6β4). In addition, increased POSTN expression enhances the expression of VEGF family growth factors and promotes Erk phosphorylation. As a result, this glycoprotein controls the Erk/VEGF pathway. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels, which may be significant in the process of metastasis. Moreover, POSTN is involved in the proliferation, progression, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Its increased expression has been detected in many cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma and glioblastoma. Many studies have shown that this protein may be an independent prognostic and predictive factor in many cancers, which may influence the choice of optimal therapy.

English is currently the lingua franca in medicine, especially due to the development of new terms that combine the medical field with technical areas. The aim of this study is to compare the problems encountered by professional and non-professional translators (physicians) with special attention paid to collocations. Further valuable observations and comments are also added by the respondents. The paper discusses the key position of collocations in the medical register in which the erroneous use of collocations discredits the paper and the researcher, thus hindering the dissemination of medical knowledge. Additionally, some other problematic issues are also highlighted. The author postulates further collocation-related empirical studies with attention paid to the phenomena of both teaching collocations and assessing the competence of the translator in the domain of collocations. Język angielski obecnie pełni rolę lingua franca w medycynie, zwłaszcza ze względu na rozwój nowych terminów łączących dziedzinę medycyny z dziedzinami technicznymi. Celem badania jest porównanie problemów, które napotkają tłumacze zawodowi oraz lekarze, którzy samodzielnie dokonują przekładu tekstów medycznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kolokacji. Kolejne cenne spostrzeżenia i komentarze są również dołączone przez respondentów. W artykule omówiono nadrzędną pozycję kolokacji w rejestrze medycznym, w którym błędne zastosowanie kolokacji dyskredytuje artykuł oraz badacza, utrudniając w ten sposób upowszechnianie wiedzy medycznej. Dodatkowo podkreślono również inne problematyczne kwestie. Autor postuluje dalsze badania empiryczne w zakresie problematyki kolokacji z uwzględnieniem zjawisk związanych z ich nauczaniem i ocenianiem kompetencji tłumacza w zakresie znajomości kolokacji.

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of translator earnings in Poland based on one of the largest analyses of the Polish translation market. Quantitative data from other surveys were examined and compared to assess mean income levels, income distribution and changes over time. The results show that the translators’ community is very diverse. There are translators who earn well and translators who feel that they are underpaid. Experience, additional specialist education or specialization do not impact rates. Factors that noticeably affect the rates are certification as a sworn translator, form of employment and translated language. The most important discovery is that the level of earnings has a significant impact on translators’ job satisfaction, level of stress, or exhaustion. The demand-supply dynamics of the translation market play a crucial role in determining translator incomes. Factors such as globalization, international trade, immigration trends influence the demand for translation services.