Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue requiring early and accurate diagnosis. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a promising alternative recommended by the WHO for the initial diagnosis of pulmonary TB, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a commercial LAMP assay for TB detection using 198 samples from different countries including Mexico. The LAMP assay results were compared to the results of standard tests: AFB smear microscopy, cell culture, and Xpert PCR. Across all samples, LAMP showed a sensitivity of 96.20% and a specificity of 84.61%. When compared specifically to “true positives” and “true negatives” (defined by the consistency across the standard tests), LAMP demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 92.30% specificity. For context, the sensitivity of AFB smear microscopy against the culture and Xpert tests was 79.04%. A significant finding was that the LAMP test detected a high percentage (92.5%) of samples found positive by the culture and Xpert tests but negative by the AFB smear, highlighting its ability to identify cases missed by traditional microscopy. This study concluded that the LAMP assay is a sensitive and specific tool for TB diagnosis with potential for rapid and accurate diagnosis, especially in resource-limited areas.

Mexico has one of the highest incidences of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia worldwide and also reports one of the lowest 5-year overall survival rates; one cause is elevated treatment-related mortality from severe hematologic toxicity, a critical side effect during chemotherapy. Although association studies have identified common genetic variants linked to toxicity, the Mexican population remains incompletely explored. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing of genes involved in methotrexate and mercaptopurine metabolism in 96 Mexican children with ALL, stratified by hematologic toxicity severity according to CTCAE v5.0. Logistic regression revealed nominally significant associations between the TSER*3/TSER*2 genotype (rs45445694) in the 5′ UTR of TYMS severe hematologic toxicity (overdominant model: OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.23–8.38; p = 0.014 and codominant model: OR = 3.31; 95% CI = 1.17–9.34; p = 0.047). Additionally, the CCND1 LD block (rs678653/rs7177) also showed nominal associations (overdominant model: OR = 2.60; 95% CI = 1.01–6.71; p = 0.044). None of these associations remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (corrected α = 0.000588). Patients with severe toxicity had lower 5-year overall survival than those without severe toxicity (70.2% vs. 90.5%; p = 0.0609), although the difference was not statistically significant. Variants in 5′ and 3′ UTRs regions were markedly enriched compared to coding sequences, underscoring the importance of regulatory region analysis.