Background: Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., a widely distributed mangrove species, is known for its diverse secondary metabolites with potential pharmacological applications. Despite its dominance in the Arabian Gulf, where A. marina may have adapted to extreme environmental conditions with a distinct set of bioactive molecules, research in this region remains limited. Methods: This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity of extracts from different plant parts, including roots, leaves, propagules, pericarps, and cotyledons, collected in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Extracts were analyzed using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, while cytotoxicity was evaluated against human cancer and normal cell lines. Results: Analysis revealed 49 compounds, including iridoid glycosides, hydroxycinnamic acids, phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, several reported for the first time in A. marina and mangroves. The pericarp and root extracts exhibited the highest scavenging activity (DPPH: 187.14 ± 2.87 and 128.25 ± 1.12; ABTS: 217.16 ± 2.67 and 147.21 ± 2.42 μmol TE/g, respectively), correlating with phenylethanoid content. The root extract also displayed the highest cytotoxicity, with IC₅₀ values of 58.46, 81.98, and 108.10 μg/mL against MDA-MB-231, SW480, and E705, respectively. In silico analysis identified triterpene saponins as potential contributors. Conclusions: These findings highlight the root extract of A. marina as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and anticancer applications, supporting further exploration for novel therapeutic candidates.

The ecological transition of the cosmetics industry emphasizes the need for sustainable formulations based on natural raw materials without compromising efficacy. Anti-aging skincare is a major cosmetic application, as skin aging can be accelerated by oxidative stress and extracellular matrix degradation mediated by enzymes. In this context, identifying natural ingredients with antioxidant and enzyme-modulating properties is of increasing interest. Prosopis cineraria (Ghaf), the national plant of the United Arab Emirates, thrives in arid environments and is hypothesized to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Ghaf extract was evaluated for its antioxidant potential and enzyme-modulating properties relevant to skin aging. Chemical profiling (UHPLC–DAD–HRMS/MS) revealed a polyphenol-rich composition dominated by catechins and flavonoid derivatives. The extract exhibited exceptionally high radical scavenging activity in the DPPH, ABTS and ORAC assays and showed a strong correlation with its elevated total phenolic content. In addition to antioxidant effects, Ghaf extract demonstrated biologically relevant inhibition of elastase, hyaluronidase, tyrosinase and collagenase, skin-aging-related enzymes involved in extracellular matrix degradation and pigmentation. These combined in vitro activities suggest that Ghaf extract may represent a multifunctional natural ingredient for future dermocosmetic applications. Accordingly, preliminary Pickering emulsions containing the extract were formulated and characterized to demonstrate the technological feasibility of its incorporation into a topical cosmetic vehicle. These findings warrant future studies aimed at evaluating the efficacy of Ghaf-containing formulations in cellular, ex vivo and in vivo skin models.

The ecological transition of the cosmetics industry emphasizes the need for sustainable formulations based on natural raw materials without compromising efficacy. Anti-aging skincare is a major cosmetic application, as skin aging can be accelerated by oxidative stress and extracellular matrix degradation mediated by enzymes. In this context, identifying natural ingredients with antioxidant and enzyme-modulating properties is of increasing interest. Prosopis cineraria (Ghaf), the national plant of the United Arab Emirates, thrives in arid environments and is hypothesised to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Ghaf extract was evaluated for its antioxidant potential and enzyme-modulating properties relevant to skin aging. Chemical profiling (UHPLC–DAD–HRMS/MS) revealed a polyphenol-rich composition dominated by catechins and flavonoid derivatives. The extract exhibited exceptionally high radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay, surpassing ascorbic acid under identical conditions, and showed a strong correlation with its elevated total phenolic content. In addition to antioxidant effects, Ghaf extract demonstrated biologically relevant inhibition of elastase, hyaluronidase, tyrosinase and collagenase, skin-aging–related enzymes involved in extracellular matrix degradation and pigmentation. These combined activities position Ghaf extract as a multifunctional natural ingredient for dermocosmetic applications. For this reason, we developed and evaluated a facial cream formulation as a relevant and commercially attractive delivery system for skincare applications. Further studies in cellular and ex vivo models are needed to confirm efficacy, safety, and formulation compatibility.