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Political corruption is a universal phenomenon. Even though it is a cross-country reality, its level of intensity and the manner of its effect vary worldwide. In Spain, the demonstrated political corruption cases that have been echoed by the media in recent years for their economic, judicial and social significance are merely the tip of the iceberg as regards a problem hidden by many interested parties, plus the shortage of the means to fight against it. This study models and quantifies the population at risk of committing political corruption in Spain by identifying and quantifying the drivers that explain political corruption. Having quantified the problem, the model allows changes to be made in parameters, as well as fiscal, economic and legal measures being simulated, to quantify and better understand their impact on Spanish citizenship. Our results suggest increasing women’s leadership positions to mitigate this problem, plus changes in the political Parties’ Law in Spain and increasing the judiciary system’s budget.
Elena de la Poza; Lucas Jódar; Paloma Merello. Modeling Political Corruption in Spain. Mathematics 2021, 9, 952 .
AMA StyleElena de la Poza, Lucas Jódar, Paloma Merello. Modeling Political Corruption in Spain. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (9):952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena de la Poza; Lucas Jódar; Paloma Merello. 2021. "Modeling Political Corruption in Spain." Mathematics 9, no. 9: 952.
Higher education institutions (HEIs) have voiced growing concerns about sustainability issues since Agenda 2030 was approved, but this is not enough for societal stakeholders seeking and delivering innovation and excellence. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by all UN Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action, and pose a challenge for HEIs as for the efforts made to fulfill them and knowing how to assess their performance. However, the metric management system implemented by HEIs quickly led to rankings emerging, which compare HEIs to metrics not related to the sustainability dimensions of the 17 SDGs. The main aim of the paper is to assess the level of reporting and alignment of SDG achievements with the overall the Times Higher Education (THE) ranking score. For this purpose, our study (i) models and quantifies the impact of HEIs’ disclosure of SDG information on HEIs’ overall THE Impact Rankings score, (ii) analyzes whether the best ranked universities are indeed significantly related to different SDGs than other not-so-well-ranked ones, and (iii) models the differences in the overall score and its alignment with distinct SDGs by dimensions, subjects, and geographical regions. In order to do so, a descriptive analysis, non-parametric tests, and linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. Our results reveal that the overall ranking is related to the reporting of HEIs’ SDG achievements. Moreover, the more positive actions related to health, education, industry, responsible consumption and production, climate action, and partnerships there were, the higher the position of HEIs in the general ranking was. However, we found differences between top-ranking universities and others in geographical location, disclosed information, and impact. Thus, the best-ranked universities are more committed to transferring knowledge to industry to satisfy its needs (SDG9), support strong institutions in their countries, and promote peace and justice (SDG16). Finally, SDG9 and SDG17 are the most relevant and constant SDGs when modeling the alignment of SDGs with HEIs’ dimensions (teaching, research, citations, industry income, international outlook) and subjects (technological and social sciences and humanities). HEIs integrating SDG actions into the strategic management of universities and, consequently, reporting their SDG performance to promote sustainability and contribute to sustainable development, is advisable.
Elena De la Poza; Paloma Merello; Antonio Barberá; Alberto Celani. Universities’ Reporting on SDGs: Using THE Impact Rankings to Model and Measure their Contribution to Sustainability. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2038 .
AMA StyleElena De la Poza, Paloma Merello, Antonio Barberá, Alberto Celani. Universities’ Reporting on SDGs: Using THE Impact Rankings to Model and Measure their Contribution to Sustainability. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2038.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena De la Poza; Paloma Merello; Antonio Barberá; Alberto Celani. 2021. "Universities’ Reporting on SDGs: Using THE Impact Rankings to Model and Measure their Contribution to Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2038.
This study contributes to the current climate debate by shedding some light on the driving forces of the disclosure and management of carbon emissions in the context of developed and developing economies. Our findings show that the probability of not reporting total carbon emissions is significantly higher in companies located in a developing than in a developed economy. In addition, the company's sustainability profile (the sustainability report, its assurance and the existence of a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) committee), gender diversity policies and other corporate variables (especially size), significantly increase the probability of disclosing total carbon emissions, Scope 1 and Scope 2. Regarding carbon management, however, there are no significant differences between developed and developing economies, and the evidence indicates that the existence of a CSR committee has a significant impact on emission reduction Scope 1 and Scope 2; while the size of the company only influences the reduction of emissions of Scope 2 – the other variables considered do not have a significant effect. The results obtained can be valuable for business executives, governments and government regulators by identifying corporate governance practices that could be improved and contribute strategically to the environmental situation in developed and developing countries.
Carmen Córdova Román; Ana Zorio-Grima; Paloma Merello. Economic development and CSR assurance: Important drivers for carbon reporting… yet inefficient drivers for carbon management? Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2020, 163, 120424 .
AMA StyleCarmen Córdova Román, Ana Zorio-Grima, Paloma Merello. Economic development and CSR assurance: Important drivers for carbon reporting… yet inefficient drivers for carbon management? Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2020; 163 ():120424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Córdova Román; Ana Zorio-Grima; Paloma Merello. 2020. "Economic development and CSR assurance: Important drivers for carbon reporting… yet inefficient drivers for carbon management?" Technological Forecasting and Social Change 163, no. : 120424.
In recent decades, pathological consumption has become a growing behavioral misbehavior. Impulsive consumption is governed by two internal behavioral mechanisms that respond fundamentally to the hedonism or Pascal effect and to the emulation or Veblen effect. Today's development of technology acts as a catalyst of consumption by increasing access and availability to products, as well as the advertisement impact. This paper presents a compartmental discrete matrix mathematical model that allows short‐term estimates of ordinary, impulsive, and pathological buyers in Spain in three different economic scenarios. The results show that impulsive and pathological buyers will increase in all the economic scenarios. Notable differences in the number of ordinary buyers are found for the group aged over 65 years.
Paloma Merello; Elena De La Poza; Lucas Jódar. Explaining shopping behavior in a market economy country: A short‐term mathematical model applied to the case of Spain. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 2020, 43, 8089 -8104.
AMA StylePaloma Merello, Elena De La Poza, Lucas Jódar. Explaining shopping behavior in a market economy country: A short‐term mathematical model applied to the case of Spain. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences. 2020; 43 (14):8089-8104.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Merello; Elena De La Poza; Lucas Jódar. 2020. "Explaining shopping behavior in a market economy country: A short‐term mathematical model applied to the case of Spain." Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 43, no. 14: 8089-8104.
Spanish GDP indicator figures recover while the risk of poverty has not stopped increasing since 2007 given the continuous austerity policies adopted by Governments, while labour and welfare conditions have worsened. A new phenomenon is emerging: the flattening of the Spanish middle class.This study proposes a model to quantify the number of individuals according to their level of precariousness in Spain. The model allows us to predict the behaviour of society in Spain given the mimetic nature of humans by constructing a discrete finite epidemiological model that classifies and quantifies the population in Spain according to its risk of precariousness. Our results show a rise in the precariat of 3% (representing 39% of the total population at the end of the study). The relevance of this study lies in providing measures to governments that can mitigate the negative effects of this problem and stop its growth. Indeed tax measures to help firms to distribute their profits among employees and measures engaging a labour reform to establish limits to the rate of temporary jobs and working overtime should be considered.
Elena De La Poza; Lucas Jodar; Paloma Merello; Adrián Todoli-Signes. EXPLAINING THE RISING PRECARIAT IN SPAIN. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 2020, 26, 165 -185.
AMA StyleElena De La Poza, Lucas Jodar, Paloma Merello, Adrián Todoli-Signes. EXPLAINING THE RISING PRECARIAT IN SPAIN. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. 2020; 26 (1):165-185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena De La Poza; Lucas Jodar; Paloma Merello; Adrián Todoli-Signes. 2020. "EXPLAINING THE RISING PRECARIAT IN SPAIN." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 26, no. 1: 165-185.
Sometimes class-attendance is a component (or requirement) to benefit from the continuous assessment. The objective of this study is to evidence that some students seem to be getting unfairly penalized for nonattendance. To address this issue, we provide alternative assessment solutions taking into account the different profiles of the students. This study is based on the performance in online tests undertaken in a subject of Financial Accounting taught in English in two groups at Valencia University (from Spain). This subject is especially important for International Business (IB) as managers make decisions based on financial information. In this course, students learn about the legal accounting framework, from a national and IB perspective (i.e., national standards and International Financial Reporting Standards). Difficulty of course contents, students’ study time, students’ university access mark, age, and class-attendance are determining factors of the mark obtained in online tests if we take into account all the students. However, for the students whose marks are the best and second best grades, only the difficulty of course contents, study time, age and parents’ studies are significant factors. Evidence is found that attendance improves online test performance significantly for the whole group of students, yet this factor is not significant considering only the best performing students. Our findings justify that the continuous assessment system should only require a specific level of attendance if the online test performance drops below a certain grade (for instance the second best grade). That way, these students would have an extra motivation to attend classes but better performing students who are keeping best and second grades in their online tests will not get penalized if classes are missed as long as they keep performing well.
Ana Zorio-Grima; Paloma Merello. Class-attendance and Online-tests Results: Reflections for Continuous Assessment. Journal of Teaching in International Business 2020, 31, 75 -97.
AMA StyleAna Zorio-Grima, Paloma Merello. Class-attendance and Online-tests Results: Reflections for Continuous Assessment. Journal of Teaching in International Business. 2020; 31 (1):75-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Zorio-Grima; Paloma Merello. 2020. "Class-attendance and Online-tests Results: Reflections for Continuous Assessment." Journal of Teaching in International Business 31, no. 1: 75-97.
This study analyses the relationship of causality between consumer confidence and the economic information ecosystem from subjective (i.e., business sentiment) and objective sources (financial information from listed companies and the stock index). Our sample covers Spain from June 2011 to December 2018. Our results show that consumer confidence and economic information can exert a causality influence on each other. The results show Granger causality from IBEX35 and total assets in the financial sector and leverage of the companies in the energy sector to the consumer confidence index (CCI), in the first lag: from operating income in the telecommunications sector to the CCI in the first and fourth lag. Finally, a partial least squares regression model for consumer confidence shows that consumers interpret greater leverage in the energy sector and larger operating income in the telecommunications sector as a sign of instability and foreseeable worsening of future economic conditions, whereas the stock index has a positive link with consumer confidence. Our study contributes to consumer confidence literature, because we not only examine the relationship with stock indexes but also with new variables related to the largest companies in the economy and business sentiment of the smallest business, as information ecosystems.
Ana Zorio-Grima; Paloma Merello. Consumer confidence: Causality links with subjective and objective information sources. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2019, 150, 119760 .
AMA StyleAna Zorio-Grima, Paloma Merello. Consumer confidence: Causality links with subjective and objective information sources. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2019; 150 ():119760.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Zorio-Grima; Paloma Merello. 2019. "Consumer confidence: Causality links with subjective and objective information sources." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 150, no. : 119760.
The European Commission has recently adopted a new accounting standard for leases that will be implemented in 2019, which requires operating lease contracts to be included in the balance sheet, affecting key ratios, leverage and profitability. We simulate the impact of IFRS 16 using Monte Carlo method, which incorporates the uncertainty of the future value of variables when making predictions. Unlike prior studies based on historical data, our study considers a five-year forecast horizon and, more importantly, contemplates several probable scenarios. Based on the STOXX All Europe 100, our results confirm that, in 2019, liability maturity, liquidity and return on assets will decrease, leverage and return on equity will increase, but the figures do not change substantially after 2019. The results of this dynamic approach are consistent across the five scenarios considered; however, the impact of IFRS 16 is smoothed under the strategy of reducing the life of lease contracts.
Begoña Giner; Paloma Merello; Francisca Pardo. Assessing the impact of operating lease capitalization with dynamic Monte Carlo simulation. Journal of Business Research 2018, 101, 836 -845.
AMA StyleBegoña Giner, Paloma Merello, Francisca Pardo. Assessing the impact of operating lease capitalization with dynamic Monte Carlo simulation. Journal of Business Research. 2018; 101 ():836-845.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBegoña Giner; Paloma Merello; Francisca Pardo. 2018. "Assessing the impact of operating lease capitalization with dynamic Monte Carlo simulation." Journal of Business Research 101, no. : 836-845.
In the last decade, companies have started to disclose information on carbon emissions. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to look into this phenomenon in South America, which is a very important geographical area regarding climate change because of the local nature and developing economies. This paper explores the relationships between some corporate variables and two important decisions: (i) whether to report carbon emissions, and (ii) the impact on the evolution of carbon emissions. Logit and linear panel data models are used to determine the driving factors for decisions (i) and (ii). Our results show that regarding the carbon reporting decision, a company’s size, sustainability reporting, existence of a sustainability committee, and whether it belongs to a certain sector (telecom, utilities, and consumer discretionary) are significant positive factors, whereas the country is a negatively significant factor if the company is based in either Chile or Peru. Regarding the factors that lead to more sustainable behavior, our results reveal that a company’s size, the existence of a corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee, and the disclosure of a sustainability report lead to a decrease in emissions levels.
Carmen Córdova; Ana Zorio-Grima; Paloma Merello. Carbon Emissions by South American Companies: Driving Factors for Reporting Decisions and Emissions Reduction. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2411 .
AMA StyleCarmen Córdova, Ana Zorio-Grima, Paloma Merello. Carbon Emissions by South American Companies: Driving Factors for Reporting Decisions and Emissions Reduction. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Córdova; Ana Zorio-Grima; Paloma Merello. 2018. "Carbon Emissions by South American Companies: Driving Factors for Reporting Decisions and Emissions Reduction." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2411.
The characterization of the microclimatic conditions is fundamental for the preventive conservation of archaeological sites. In this context, the identification of the factors that influence the thermo-hygrometric equilibrium is key to determine the causes of cultural heritage deterioration. In this work, a characterization of the thermo-hygrometric conditions of Casa di Diana (Ostia Antica, Italy) is carried out analyzing the data of temperature and relative humidity recorded by a system of sensors with high monitoring frequency. Sensors are installed in parallel, calibrated and synchronized with a microcontroller. A data set of 793,620 data, arranged in a matrix with 66,135 rows and 12 columns, was used. Furthermore, the influence of human impact (visitors) is evaluated through a multiple linear regression model and a logistic regression model. The visitors do not affect the environmental humidity as it is very high and constant all the year. The results show a significant influence of the visitors in the upset of the thermal balance. When a tourist guide takes place, the probability that the hourly temperature variation reaches values higher than its monthly average is 10.64 times higher than it remains equal or less to its monthly average. The analysis of the regression residuals shows the influence of outdoor climatic variables in the thermal balance, such as solar radiation or ventilation.
Paloma Merello; Fernando-Juan García-Diego; Pedro Beltrán; Claudia Scatigno. High Frequency Data Acquisition System for Modelling the Impact of Visitors on the Thermo-Hygrometric Conditions of Archaeological Sites: A Casa di Diana (Ostia Antica, Italy) Case Study. Sensors 2018, 18, 348 .
AMA StylePaloma Merello, Fernando-Juan García-Diego, Pedro Beltrán, Claudia Scatigno. High Frequency Data Acquisition System for Modelling the Impact of Visitors on the Thermo-Hygrometric Conditions of Archaeological Sites: A Casa di Diana (Ostia Antica, Italy) Case Study. Sensors. 2018; 18 (2):348.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Merello; Fernando-Juan García-Diego; Pedro Beltrán; Claudia Scatigno. 2018. "High Frequency Data Acquisition System for Modelling the Impact of Visitors on the Thermo-Hygrometric Conditions of Archaeological Sites: A Casa di Diana (Ostia Antica, Italy) Case Study." Sensors 18, no. 2: 348.
The preventive conservation is based on acting on the causes of deterioration of cultural heritage to minimise damage, extending its lifetime and minimising the costs of restoration. In this paper, a quantitative method of recording and assessment of damage in frescoes is presented. Damage mapping has been performed with a colour scale of six values for two fresco paintings of two walls at Ariadne’s House (Pompeii, Italy); subsequently, this information has been transferred to a data matrix which and statistical analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been applied. ANOVA results show significant differences for the vertical and the horizontal axis depending on the different stages of damage. These differences also depend on the wall, which may be due to intrinsic differences such as materials of different restorations, the orientation of the wall, etc. or extrinsic differences and variations in temperature, relative humidity, etc. This methodology may be used in the future to quantify the influence of different variables on the extent of the deterioration of the paint layer, as for example determine and monitor its correlation to salts analytics in a determined facing.
P. Merello; P. Beltrán; F.-J. García-Diego. Quantitative non-invasive method for damage evaluation in frescoes: Ariadne’s House (Pompeii, Italy). Environmental Earth Sciences 2016, 75, 1 -10.
AMA StyleP. Merello, P. Beltrán, F.-J. García-Diego. Quantitative non-invasive method for damage evaluation in frescoes: Ariadne’s House (Pompeii, Italy). Environmental Earth Sciences. 2016; 75 (2):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Merello; P. Beltrán; F.-J. García-Diego. 2016. "Quantitative non-invasive method for damage evaluation in frescoes: Ariadne’s House (Pompeii, Italy)." Environmental Earth Sciences 75, no. 2: 1-10.
Preventive conservation represents a working method and combination of techniques which helps in determining and controlling the deterioration process of cultural heritage in order to take the necessary actions before it occurs. It is acknowledged as important, both in terms of preserving and also reducing the cost of future conservation measures. Therefore, long-term monitoring of physical parameters influencing cultural heritage is necessary. In the context of Smart Cities, monitoring of cultural heritage is of interest in order to perform future comparative studies and load information into the cloud that will be useful for the conservation of other heritage sites. In this paper the development of an economical and appropriate acquisition data system combining wired and wireless communication, as well as third party hardware for increased versatility, is presented. The device allows monitoring a complex network of points with high sampling frequency, with wired sensors in a 1-wire bus and a wireless centralized system recording data for monitoring of physical parameters, as well as the future possibility of attaching an alarm system or sending data over the Internet. This has been possible with the development of three board’s designs and more than 5000 algorithm lines. System tests have shown an adequate system operation.
Fernando-Juan García Diego; Borja Esteban; Paloma Merello. Design of a Hybrid (Wired/Wireless) Acquisition Data System for Monitoring of Cultural Heritage Physical Parameters in Smart Cities. Sensors 2015, 15, 7246 -7266.
AMA StyleFernando-Juan García Diego, Borja Esteban, Paloma Merello. Design of a Hybrid (Wired/Wireless) Acquisition Data System for Monitoring of Cultural Heritage Physical Parameters in Smart Cities. Sensors. 2015; 15 (4):7246-7266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando-Juan García Diego; Borja Esteban; Paloma Merello. 2015. "Design of a Hybrid (Wired/Wireless) Acquisition Data System for Monitoring of Cultural Heritage Physical Parameters in Smart Cities." Sensors 15, no. 4: 7246-7266.
Chemometrics has been applied successfully since the 1990s for the multivariate statistical control of industrial processes. A new area of interest for these tools is the microclimatic monitoring of cultural heritage. Sensors record climatic parameters over time and statistical data analysis is performed to obtain valuable information for preventive conservation. A case study of an open-air archaeological site is presented here. A set of 26 temperature and relative humidity data-loggers was installed in four rooms of Ariadne's house (Pompeii). If climatic values are recorded versus time at different positions, the resulting data structure is equivalent to records of physical parameters registered at several points of a continuous chemical process. However, there is an important difference in this case: continuous processes are controlled to reach a steady state, whilst open-air sites undergo tremendous fluctuations. Although data from continuous processes are usually column-centred prior to applying principal components analysis, it turned out that another pre-treatment (row-centred data) was more convenient for the interpretation of components and to identify abnormal patterns. The detection of typical trajectories was more straightforward by dividing the whole monitored period into several sub-periods, because the marked climatic fluctuations throughout the year affect the correlation structures. The proposed statistical methodology is of interest for the microclimatic monitoring of cultural heritage, particularly in the case of open-air or semi-confined archaeological sites.
Paloma Merello; Fernando-Juan García-Diego; Manuel Zarzo. Diagnosis of abnormal patterns in multivariate microclimate monitoring: A case study of an open-air archaeological site in Pompeii (Italy). Science of The Total Environment 2014, 488-489, 14 -25.
AMA StylePaloma Merello, Fernando-Juan García-Diego, Manuel Zarzo. Diagnosis of abnormal patterns in multivariate microclimate monitoring: A case study of an open-air archaeological site in Pompeii (Italy). Science of The Total Environment. 2014; 488-489 ():14-25.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Merello; Fernando-Juan García-Diego; Manuel Zarzo. 2014. "Diagnosis of abnormal patterns in multivariate microclimate monitoring: A case study of an open-air archaeological site in Pompeii (Italy)." Science of The Total Environment 488-489, no. : 14-25.
Paloma Merello; Ángel Fernández-Navajas; Jorge Curiel-Esparza; Manuel Zarzo; Fernando-Juan García-Diego. Characterisation of thermo-hygrometric conditions of an archaeological site affected by unlike boundary weather conditions. Building and Environment 2014, 76, 125 -133.
AMA StylePaloma Merello, Ángel Fernández-Navajas, Jorge Curiel-Esparza, Manuel Zarzo, Fernando-Juan García-Diego. Characterisation of thermo-hygrometric conditions of an archaeological site affected by unlike boundary weather conditions. Building and Environment. 2014; 76 ():125-133.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Merello; Ángel Fernández-Navajas; Jorge Curiel-Esparza; Manuel Zarzo; Fernando-Juan García-Diego. 2014. "Characterisation of thermo-hygrometric conditions of an archaeological site affected by unlike boundary weather conditions." Building and Environment 76, no. : 125-133.
The Noheda archaeological site is unique and exceptional for its size, and the quality and conservation condition of the Roman mosaic pavement covering its urban pars. In 2008 a tent was installed as protection from rain and sun. Being of interest to characterise the microclimate of the remains, six probes with relative humidity and temperature sensors were installed in 2013 for this purpose. Microclimate monitoring allowed us to check relative humidity differences resulting from the groundwater level, as well as inner sensors reaching maximum temperatures higher than the outdoors ones as a consequence of the non-ventilated tent covering the archaeological site. Microclimatic conditions in the archaeological site were deemed detrimental for the conservation of the mosaics. Thus, in summer 2013, expanded clay and geotextile were installed over the mosaics as a corrective action. The outcomes of this study have proven the effectiveness of this solution to control temperature and relative humidity, helping to configure a more stable microclimate suitable for preservation of the mosaic.
Miguel Ángel Valero; Paloma Merello; Ángel Fernández Navajas; Fernando Juan García-Diego. Statistical Tools Applied in the Characterisation and Evaluation of a Thermo-Hygrometric Corrective Action Carried out at the Noheda Archaeological Site (Noheda, Spain). Sensors 2014, 14, 1665 -1679.
AMA StyleMiguel Ángel Valero, Paloma Merello, Ángel Fernández Navajas, Fernando Juan García-Diego. Statistical Tools Applied in the Characterisation and Evaluation of a Thermo-Hygrometric Corrective Action Carried out at the Noheda Archaeological Site (Noheda, Spain). Sensors. 2014; 14 (1):1665-1679.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Ángel Valero; Paloma Merello; Ángel Fernández Navajas; Fernando Juan García-Diego. 2014. "Statistical Tools Applied in the Characterisation and Evaluation of a Thermo-Hygrometric Corrective Action Carried out at the Noheda Archaeological Site (Noheda, Spain)." Sensors 14, no. 1: 1665-1679.
The mudéjar church of Santa María (Ateca) is valuable for its architecture and the altarpiece contained inside. Ateca is a village with continental climate characterized by cold winters and hot summers. In this paper we are interested in analysing the effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) changes produced by the heating system on the altarpiece. Therefore, a monitoring system of 15 temperature and 15 relative humidity sensors was installed with a recording frequency of a data point per minute. The main contribution of this paper is the quantitative study of the effect of the heating system on the thermo-hygrometric parameters using statistical techniques such as ANOVA, mean daily trajectories or bivariate plots, and the proposal of an innovative dynamic contour plot. As results, the heating system produces a substantial increase (decrease) of temperature (RH) causing an hourly variation of these physical parameters detrimental to the conservation of the altarpiece, especially in its higher areas.
Fernando-Juan García-Diego; Ángel Fernández-Navajas; Pedro Beltrán; Paloma Merello. Study of the Effect of the Strategy of Heating on the Mudejar Church of Santa Maria in Ateca (Spain) for Preventive Conservation of the Altarpiece Surroundings. Sensors 2013, 13, 11407 -11423.
AMA StyleFernando-Juan García-Diego, Ángel Fernández-Navajas, Pedro Beltrán, Paloma Merello. Study of the Effect of the Strategy of Heating on the Mudejar Church of Santa Maria in Ateca (Spain) for Preventive Conservation of the Altarpiece Surroundings. Sensors. 2013; 13 (9):11407-11423.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando-Juan García-Diego; Ángel Fernández-Navajas; Pedro Beltrán; Paloma Merello. 2013. "Study of the Effect of the Strategy of Heating on the Mudejar Church of Santa Maria in Ateca (Spain) for Preventive Conservation of the Altarpiece Surroundings." Sensors 13, no. 9: 11407-11423.
Preventive conservation requires monitoring and control of the parameters involved in the deterioration process, mainly temperature and relative humidity. It is important to characterise an archaeological site prior to carrying out comparative studies in the future for preventive conservation, either by regular studies to verify whether the conditions are constant, or occasional ones when the boundary conditions are altered. There are numerous covered archaeological sites, but few preventive conservation works that give special attention to the type of cover installed. In particular, there is no background of microclimatic studies in sites that are in the ground and, as in the Plaza de l’Almoina (Valencia, Spain), are buried and partially covered by a transparent roof. A large effect of the transparent cover was found by the sensors located below this area, with substantial increases in temperature and a decrease in the relative humidity during the day. Surrounding zones also have values above the recommended temperature values. On the other hand, the influence of a buried water drainage line near the site is notable, causing an increase in relative humidity levels in the surrounding areas. Multivariate statistical analyses enabled us to characterise the microclimate of the archaeological site, allowing future testing to determine whether the conservation conditions have been altered.
Ángel Fernández-Navajas; Paloma Merello; Pedro Beltrán; Fernando-Juan García-Diego. Multivariate Thermo-Hygrometric Characterisation of the Archaeological Site of Plaza de l’Almoina (Valencia, Spain) for Preventive Conservation. Sensors 2013, 13, 9729 -9746.
AMA StyleÁngel Fernández-Navajas, Paloma Merello, Pedro Beltrán, Fernando-Juan García-Diego. Multivariate Thermo-Hygrometric Characterisation of the Archaeological Site of Plaza de l’Almoina (Valencia, Spain) for Preventive Conservation. Sensors. 2013; 13 (8):9729-9746.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngel Fernández-Navajas; Paloma Merello; Pedro Beltrán; Fernando-Juan García-Diego. 2013. "Multivariate Thermo-Hygrometric Characterisation of the Archaeological Site of Plaza de l’Almoina (Valencia, Spain) for Preventive Conservation." Sensors 13, no. 8: 9729-9746.
In this study we propose an electronic system for linear positioning of a magnet independent of its modulus, which could vary because of aging, different fabrication process, etc. The system comprises a linear array of 24 Hall Effect sensors of proportional response. The data from all sensors are subject to a pretreatment (normalization) by row (position) making them independent on the temporary variation of its magnetic field strength. We analyze the particular case of the individual flow in milking of goats. The multiple regression analysis allowed us to calibrate the electronic system with a percentage of explanation R2 = 99.96%. In our case, the uncertainty in the linear position of the magnet is 0.51 mm that represents 0.019 L of goat milk. The test in farm compared the results obtained by direct reading of the volume with those obtained by the proposed electronic calibrated system, achieving a percentage of explanation of 99.05%.
Fernando-Juan García-Diego; Angel Sánchez-Quinche; Paloma Merello; Pedro Beltrán; Cristófol Peris. Array of Hall Effect Sensors for Linear Positioning of a Magnet Independently of Its Strength Variation. A Case Study: Monitoring Milk Yield during Milking in Goats. Sensors 2013, 13, 8000 -8012.
AMA StyleFernando-Juan García-Diego, Angel Sánchez-Quinche, Paloma Merello, Pedro Beltrán, Cristófol Peris. Array of Hall Effect Sensors for Linear Positioning of a Magnet Independently of Its Strength Variation. A Case Study: Monitoring Milk Yield during Milking in Goats. Sensors. 2013; 13 (6):8000-8012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando-Juan García-Diego; Angel Sánchez-Quinche; Paloma Merello; Pedro Beltrán; Cristófol Peris. 2013. "Array of Hall Effect Sensors for Linear Positioning of a Magnet Independently of Its Strength Variation. A Case Study: Monitoring Milk Yield during Milking in Goats." Sensors 13, no. 6: 8000-8012.
A microclimate monitoring study was conducted in 2008 aimed at assessing the conservation risks affecting the valuable wall paintings decorating Ariadne’s House (Pompeii, Italy). It was found that thermohygrometric conditions were very unfavorable for the conservation of frescoes. As a result, it was decided to implement corrective measures, and the transparent polycarbonate sheets covering three rooms (one of them delimited by four walls and the others composed of three walls) were replaced by opaque roofs. In order to examine the effectiveness of this measure, the same monitoring system comprised by 26 thermohygrometric probes was installed again in summer 2010. Data recorded in 2008 and 2010 were compared.
Paloma Merello; Fernando Juan García-Diego; Manuel Zarzo. Evaluation of corrective measures implemented for the preventive conservation of fresco paintings in Ariadne’s house (Pompeii, Italy). Chemistry Central Journal 2013, 7, 87 -87.
AMA StylePaloma Merello, Fernando Juan García-Diego, Manuel Zarzo. Evaluation of corrective measures implemented for the preventive conservation of fresco paintings in Ariadne’s house (Pompeii, Italy). Chemistry Central Journal. 2013; 7 (1):87-87.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Merello; Fernando Juan García-Diego; Manuel Zarzo. 2013. "Evaluation of corrective measures implemented for the preventive conservation of fresco paintings in Ariadne’s house (Pompeii, Italy)." Chemistry Central Journal 7, no. 1: 87-87.
Anxiolytics (AX) are the psychotropic drugs prescribed for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia for 2–4 weeks, for longer periods of consumption (>1 month) may lead to the development of tolerance or addiction. In fact, its prescription was 16% of the total pharmaceutical expenditure in Spain in 2007. This paper deals with the development of a mathematical model describing the dynamic of the addiction to AX for the case study of the Spanish region of Castellón. The reasons believed to cause the development of addicts to AX are the economic situation, the marriage termination and the social contact. The simulations performed to forecast the addicts rate for the period 2010–2014 showed an increase from 6% in 2010 to 14% in 2014 with a fluctuation of about 2% between the possible economic scenarios. Finally, the analysis of sensitivity of the rate of addicts to the fluctuation of the social contact parameters was performed, letting us estimate its impact on the pharmaceutical expenditure.
Elena DE LA Poza; Natividad Guadalajara; L. Jódar; P. Merello. Modeling Spanish anxiolytic consumption: Economic, demographic and behavioral influences. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 2013, 57, 1619 -1624.
AMA StyleElena DE LA Poza, Natividad Guadalajara, L. Jódar, P. Merello. Modeling Spanish anxiolytic consumption: Economic, demographic and behavioral influences. Mathematical and Computer Modelling. 2013; 57 (7-8):1619-1624.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena DE LA Poza; Natividad Guadalajara; L. Jódar; P. Merello. 2013. "Modeling Spanish anxiolytic consumption: Economic, demographic and behavioral influences." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 57, no. 7-8: 1619-1624.