Recent studies reveal that bile acid metabolite composition and its metabolism are changed in metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), yet its role and the mechanism remain largely unknown. In the present study, metabolomic analysis of 163 serum and stool samples of our metabolic disease cohort was performed, and we identified glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), glycine-conjugated bile acid produced from intestinal bacteria, was decreased in both serum and stool samples from patients with hyperglycemia. RNA-sequencing and quantitative PCR results indicated that GUDCA alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in livers of high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice without alteration of liver metabolism. In vitro, GUDCA reduced palmitic acid induced-ER stress and -apoptosis, as well as stabilized calcium homeostasis. In vivo, GUDCA exerted effects on amelioration of HFD-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. In parallel, ER stress and apoptosis were decreased in GUDCA-treated mice as compared with vehicle-treated mice in liver. These findings demonstrate that reduced GUDCA is an indicator of hyperglycemia. Supplementation of GUDCA could be an option for the treatment of diet-induced metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, with inhibiting ER stress.

Background and Aims. Bile acids, the key products for elimination of cholesterol, play an important role in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, few studies focused on the roles of more accessible serum total bile acids (TBA) in the prediction of adverse cardiovascular events for coronary chronic artery occlusion (CTO). The aim of this study was to explore the potential relationship between serum TBA and long-term prognosis in patients with CTO undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods. Baseline TBA was determined in 613 patients with CTO after PCI in the present study. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to the median (3.5 μmol/l) and the normal upper limit of the TBA (10 μmol/l). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results. Average age in this study was years old. The median of TBA was 3.5 (2.1-6.1) μmol/l. Over a median follow-up of 33.5 months, compared to those with below 3.5 μmol/l TBA, 3.5 ~ 10 μmol/l TBA was associated with significantly reduced risk for the MACE (hazard ratio (HR): 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40 to 0.88; ) even after adjustment for baseline variables. However, TBA did not predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death. Spline analyses showed an L-shaped relationship of the serum TBA with the incidence of MACE. Conclusions. Moderate fasting serum TBA level has a predictive value for MACE even after adjusting for lifestyle and clinical risk factors in CTO patients undergoing PCI.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are susceptible to coronary artery disease (CAD), and coronary outcomes in these patients are heterogeneous. However, the impact of coronary plaque com... The calcified plaque volume of the coronary was significantly lower in T2DM subjects with RPP than in those without RPP.Higher levels of atherosclerotic calcification may have a protective value on...

Low muscle mass is related to cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to investigate whether relative low muscle mass is related to the diameter and tortuosity of the aorta. We performed a cross-sectional study of 208 adults without known cardiovascular disease who underwent Computed Tomography (CT) enhanced scan between 2020 and 2021. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was estimated. The morphology of the aorta was measured by diameter and tortuosity using CT. We assessed the relationship between SMI and diameter and tortuosity of the aorta using Spearman correlation analysis and univariate and multivariate-adjusted regression models. Of all -individuals, 124 (59.6%) were male. The average age was 60.13 ± 16.33 years old. SMI was inversely associated with the diameter and tortuosity of the aorta (p < 0.05). Specifically, in a multivariable-adjusted model adjusting for potential confounders, a one-unit increase in the SMI was associated with a -13.56mm(95% confidence intervals (CI): -18.16 to -8.96, p < 0.001), -7.93 mm (95% CI: -10.85 to -5.02, p < 0.001), -8.01 mm (95% CI: -11.30 to -4.73, p < 0.001), -5.16 mm (95% CI: -7.57 to -2.75, p < 0.001) and -2.73 mm (95% CI: -5.18 to -0.27, p = 0.031) increase in L1-L5 diameter respectively, a -0.89 (95% CI: -1.14 to -0.64, p < 0.001) increase in the aorta tortuosity, a -0.48 (95% CI: -0.59 to -0.36, p < 0.001) increase in the descending thoracic aorta tortuosity, and a -0.44 (95% CI: -0.52 to -0.35, p < 0.001) increase in the abdominal aorta tortuosity. Relative muscle mass was negatively associated with the diameter and tortuosity of the aorta, suggesting muscle mass maintenance may play a role in preventing aortic morphological changes.

Background: Cancer survivors have a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), partly associated with high rates of malnutrition, which is linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes. Changes in aortic morphology affect vascular hemodynamics and cardiovascular health. However, the relationship between malnutrition and aortic morphology in cancer patients remains unreported. This study aims to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 189 adults without known cardiovascular disease who underwent computed tomography (CT) enhanced scan between 2020 and 2021. All patients were divided into three groups according to three categories of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI): moderate to severe, GNRI of < 92 (n = 54); low, GNRI of 92–98 (n = 36); and absence of risk, GNRI of ≥98 (n = 99). The morphology of the aorta was measured by segmental diameters and tortuosity using CT.Results: A total of 189 patients were included in the study. The average age in this study was 60.8 ± 16.5 years, with 115 men (60.8%). About half of the patients were at risk of malnutrition. Compared with the absent-risk group, participants with low or moderate to severe risk exhibited significantly larger diameters and more tortuosity of the ascending and arcus aorta, thoracic aorta, and descending thoracic aorta (all P < 0.05). We observed linear and negative associations of the GNRI value with the diameter in L1–L3 (r = −0.47, r = −0.48, r = −0.47, respectively; all P < 0.001) and tortuosity of the ascending and arcus aorta, thoracic aorta and descending thoracic aorta (r = −0.54, r = −0.53, r = −0.59, all P < 0.001). Besides, there were significant associations between malnourishment risk and morphological characteristics of the thoracic aorta in both the adjusted and unadjusted linear regression models, especially in older patients.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that malnutrition measured by GNRI is linked to aortic diameter and tortuosity in cancer patients, reflecting the exploratory role in identifying malnutrition as a novel risk marker in cardio-oncology. Future studies could explore whether improving GNRI through targeted nutritional support mitigates aortic remodeling.

Background: The triglyceride glucose‐body mass index (TyG‐BMI) has emerged as a predictor of complications in patients with heart failure (HF). While elevated TyG‐BMI levels have been linked to adverse outcomes in HF patients, their predictive value for acute kidney injury (AKI) risk remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between TyG‐BMI and the incidence of AKI in patients with HF. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care‐IV version 3.1 (MIMIC‐IV v3.1) and the eICU Collaborative Research Database version 2.0 (eICU‐CRD v2.0). The primary outcome was the occurrence of AKI, with secondary outcomes including the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and in‐hospital mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, restricted cubic spline modeling, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the associations between TyG‐BMI and clinical outcomes. Results: The study included 1,250 patients from MIMIC‐IV and 2,300 patients from eICU‐CRD. Patients with higher TyG‐BMI levels had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of AKI and increased rates of RRT use and in‐hospital mortality. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher TyG‐BMI remained independently associated with an increased risk of AKI among HF patients in multivariable models. Conclusion: This multicenter analysis demonstrates that higher TyG‐BMI levels are associated with an increased risk of AKI, greater need for RRT, and higher in‐hospital mortality in patients with HF. TyG‐BMI may serve as a useful marker for early risk stratification and prognostic assessment in this population. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.